Search results for "Statistics"

How to remove the testing bias in CoV-2 statistics

2020

BACKGROUNDPublic health measures and private behaviour are based on reported numbers of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Some argue that testing influences the confirmed number of infections.OBJECTIVES/METHODSDo time series on reported infections and the number of tests allow one to draw conclusions about actual infection numbers? A SIR model is presented where the true numbers of susceptible, infectious and removed individuals are unobserved. Testing is also modelled.RESULTSOfficial confirmed infection numbers are likely to be biased and cannot be compared over time. The bias occurs because of different reasons for testing (e.g. by symptoms, representative or testing travellers). The paper illustrat…

El Instituto Médico Valenciano y la difusión de la vacuna

2004

The Medical Valencian Institute promoted a campaign of smallpox free vaccination (1851- 1894) by means of humanized vaccine sent from England. It spread the vaccination for the whole Spain and published careful statistics of the vaccinations practised in the Bulletin of the Medical Valencian Institute. The National Institute of Vaccination (1871) did not recognize his labor and one denied to him the category of Provincial Institute of Vaccination.

Contribution of parental and school personnel smoking to health risk behaviours among Finnish adolescents.

2009

Abstract Background This study compared parental smoking with school personnel smoking in relation to adolescents' smoking behaviours, alcohol use, and illicit drug use. Methods A cross-sectional survey for 24,379 adolescents was linked to a survey for 1946 school employees in 136 Finnish schools in 2004-2005. Surveys included smoking prevalence reported by school staff, adolescents' reports of school staff and parental smoking, adolescents' own smoking behaviours, alcohol use, and illicit drug use. Multilevel analyses were adjusted for individual and school-level confounding factors. Results Parental smoking was associated with all health risk behaviours among both sexes (risk range 1.39 t…

Effects of a school-based physical activity intervention on academic performance in 14-year old adolescents: a cluster randomized controlled trial – …

2021

Abstract Background School-based physical activity interventions evaluating the effect on academic performance usually includes children. We aimed to investigate the effect of a nine-month, school-based physical activity intervention titled School in Motion (ScIM) on academic performance in adolescents. Methods Thirty secondary schools in Norway were cluster-randomized into three groups: the Physically active learning (PAL) group (n = 10), the Don’t worry – Be Happy (DWBH) group (n = 10) or control (n = 10). Target dose in both intervention groups was 120 min/week of additional PA during school hours. Parental consent was obtained from 2084 adolescent students (76%). Standardized national t…

The spectrum of allergic (cross-)sensitivity in clinical patch testing with 'para amino' compounds

2002

Background: Allergic contact sensitization to ‘para amino’ compounds is frequent and the spectrum of cross-reactivity between members of this chemical group is variable. Methods: A retrospective analysis of clinical patch test data obtained with a special test series in the centres of the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) between 1995 and 1999. Results: In the 638 patients tested with the above test panel positive reactions were observed most often to p-aminoazobenzene (16.2%), p-phenylenediamine (14.1%), p-toluylenediamine (10.0%), followed by 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (8.5%), Disperse Orange 3 (8.4%) and p-aminophenol (3.1%). Among the 544 patients tested with p-p…

Effects of a short-term resistance program using elastic bands versus weight machines for sedentary middle-aged women.

2008

This study was designed to determine whether different effects on functional capacity and body composition were produced by using different devices (elastic bands (EBs) versus weight machines (WMs)) with the same resistance training program. Forty-five healthy sedentary middle-aged women volunteers were chosen and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: 21 subjects trained using EBs (EBG), 14 in trained using WMs (WMG), and 10 were controls (CG). Both exercise groups trained with a periodized muscular endurance program twice a week for 10 weeks, with a total of 6 exercises per session for the major muscle groups. Exercise intensity was equalized by jointly monitoring the same targeted number of…

458 CLINICAL FINDINGS AS PREDICTORS OF LOW BACK PAIN AMONG A NORMAL WORKING POPULATION SAMPLE WITH LONG FOLLOW‐UP PERIODS

2009

The Microwave Syndrome: A Preliminary Study in Spain

2003

A health survey was carried out in Murcia, Spain, in the vicinity of a Cellular Phone Base Station working in DCS‐1800 MHz. This survey contained health items related to “microwave sickness” or “RF syndrome.” The microwave power density was measured at the respondents' homes. Statistical analysis showed significant correlation between the declared severity of the symptoms and the measured power density. The separation of respondents into two different exposure groups also showed an increase of the declared severity in the group with the higher exposure.

Patient safety culture in Italian out-of-hours primary care service: a national cross-sectional survey study.

2020

BackgroundOut-of-hours (OOH) services in Italy provide >10 million consultations every year. To the authors' knowledge, no data on patient safety culture (PSC) have been reported.AimTo assess PSC in the Italian OOH setting.Design & settingNational cross-sectional survey using the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire — Ambulatory Version (SAQ-AV).MethodThe SAQ-AV was translated into Italian and distributed in a convenience sample of OOH doctors in 2015. Answers were collected anonymously by Qualtrics. Stata (version 14) was used to estimate Cronbach’s alpha, perform exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, correlate items to doctors’ characteristics, and to do item descriptive analysis…

Does the use of face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic impact on oral hygiene habits, oral conditions, reasons to seek dental care and esthetic conc…

2021

Background To evaluate the impact of the use of face masks on oral hygiene habits; oral conditions self-perception; reasons to seek dental treatment; and esthetic concerns. Material and methods 1346 participants answered a web-based survey with questions related to the aims of the study. Descriptive statistic was performed and the responses were analyzed with chi-square test and regression analysis. Results With the use of masks, toothbrushing frequency decreased significantly, and people are significantly less concerned about oral hygiene. The number of subjects that reported to have halitosis increased significantly and this was associated with a decrease in toothbrushing frequency. The g…