Search results for "Stem Cell"

The Sixth Annual Translational Stem Cell Research Conference of the New York Stem Cell Foundation

2012

The New York Stem Cell Foundation's "Sixth Annual Translational Stem Cell Research Conference" convened on October 11-12, 2011 at the Rockefeller University in New York City. Over 450 scientists, patient advocates, and stem cell research supporters from 14 countries registered for the conference. In addition to poster and platform presentations, the conference featured panels entitled "Road to the Clinic" and "The Future of Regenerative Medicine". © 2012 New York Academy of Sciences.

Highly Loaded Semipermeable Nanocapsules for Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

2017

Magnetic resonance imaging has become an essential tool in medicine for the investigation of physiological processes. The key issues related to contrast agents, i.e., substances that are injected in the body for imaging, are the efficient enhancement of contrast, their low toxicity, and their defined biodistribution. Polyurea nanocapsules containing the gadolinium complex Gadobutrol as a contrast agent in high local concentration and high relaxivity up to 40 s-1 mmol-1 L are described. A high concentration of the contrast agent inside the nanocapsules can be ensured by increasing the crystallinity in the shell of the nanocapsules. Nanocapsules from aliphatic polyurea are found to display hi…

Effect of endothelial cell heterogeneity on nanoparticle uptake.

2020

Endothelial cells exhibit distinct properties in morphology and functions in different organs that can be exploited for nanomedicine targeting. In this work, endothelial cells from different organs, i.e. brain, lung, liver, and kidney, were exposed to plain, carboxylated, and amino-modified silica. As expected, different protein coronas were formed on the different nanoparticle types and these changed when foetal bovine serum (FBS) or human serum were used. Uptake efficiencies differed strongly in the different endothelia, confirming that the cells retained some of their organ-specific differences. However, all endothelia showed higher uptake for the amino-modified silica in FBS, but, inter…

Biomaterial-based approaches and adult stem cells

2009

Mechanisms of cell activation by heavy metal ions

1998

Heavy metal ions can be released by corroding metallic implants into the surrounding tissue. When they enter blood vessels some of them are carried by proteins like albumin and can be taken up by endothelial cells lining the vessels. To study their involvement in the inflammatory response we investigated heavy metal ion induced effects in cultured human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). NiCl2 and CoCl2 upregulate, especially in concentrations of 1 mM, the expression of adhesion molecules (e.g., E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1), as well as the cytokines IL-6 and IL-8, as shown by enzyme immunoassay and Northern blot analysis. In addition, possible signal transduction mech…

3D bioprinting of tissue units with mesenchymal stem cells, retaining their proliferative and differentiating potential, in polyphosphate-containing …

2021

Abstract The three-dimensional (3D)-printing processes reach increasing recognition as important fabrication techniques to meet the growing demands in tissue engineering. However, it is imperative to fabricate 3D tissue units, which contain cells that have the property to be regeneratively active. In most bio-inks, a metabolic energy-providing component is missing. Here a formulation of a bio-ink is described, which is enriched with polyphosphate (polyP), a metabolic energy providing physiological polymer. The bio-ink composed of a scaffold (N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan), a hydrogel (alginate) and a cell adhesion matrix (gelatin) as well as polyP substantially increases the viability and the …

Intra-operatively obtained human tissue: Protocols and techniques for the study of neural stem cells

2009

The discoveries of neural (NSCs) and brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs) in the adult human brain and in brain tumors, respectively, have led to a new era in neuroscience research. These cells represent novel approaches to studying normal phenomena such as memory and learning, as well as pathological conditions such as Parkinson's disease, stroke, and brain tumors. This new paradigm stresses the importance of understanding how these cells behave in vitro and in vivo. It also stresses the need to use human-derived tissue to study human disease because animal models may not necessarily accurately replicate the processes that occur in humans. An important, but often underused, source of human tissu…

Applying extracellular vesicles based therapeutics in clinical trials - an ISEV position paper.

2015

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes and microvesicles, are released by different cell types and participate in physiological and pathophysiological processes. EVs mediate intercellular communication as cell-derived extracellular signalling organelles that transmit specific information from their cell of origin to their target cells. As a result of these properties, EVs of defined cell types may serve as novel tools for various therapeutic approaches, including (a) anti-tumour therapy, (b) pathogen vaccination, (c) immune-modulatory and regenerative therapies and (d) drug delivery. The translation of EVs into clinical therapies requires the categorization of EV-based therapeutics …

Effect of Physiologic Oscillatory Fluid Shear Stress on Engineered Heart Valve Tissue Formation.

2010

It was previously demonstrated that combined flexure and flow in vitro conditioning augments engineered heart valve tissue formation using bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) seeded on polyglycolic acid (PGA)/poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) blend nonwoven fibrous scaffolds (Engelmayr, et al., Biomaterials 2006; vol. 27 pp. 6083-95). Additionally, seeded scaffolds incorporated into a tissue engineered valve construct experienced significant increases in tissue formation rates with media supplementation (basic fibroblast growth factor [bFGF] and ascorbic acid-2-phosphate [AA2P]) and dynamic conditioning approximating pulmonary valve levels (Ramaswamy, et al., Biomaterials 2010; vol. 31…

Multiple, alternative cleavage patterns precede uniform larval morphology during normal development of Dreissena polymorpha (Mollusca, Lamellibranchi…

1995

In this study we reinvestigate the early development of the freshwater mussel Dreissena polymorpha, previously studied by Meisenheimer (1901). The data include video time-lapse recordings of living embryos and bisbenzimide stains of fixed embryos as well as morphometry on fixed, serially-sectioned embryos. We present the cell lineage and cell cycle durations up to the first indication of symmetrization within this embryo. We show that early cell cycles last approximately 1h. A dramatic extension of cell cycle duration and a concomitant asynchrony among the various cell lines was observed starting at the fifth cleavage. Short cell cycles, like those of early blastomeres, were a constant prop…