Search results for "Stimulation"
showing 10 items of 2192 documents
Nitric oxide as neuromodulator of sympathetic transmission in rat vas deferens.
1998
Summary Electrical field stimulation (EFS) of muscle strips in vitro elicited a tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive biphasic contractile response consisting of a phasic component followed by a tonic one. The amplitude of both components of the response was impaired by Nω-nitro-L-arginine and potentiated by sodium nitroprusside. Cystamine caused a reduction in amplitude of both phasic and tonic componets of the response to EFS. Neither Nω-nitro-L-arginine, sodium nitroprusside, nor cystamine induced changes in the resting muscle tone, or in the contractile response to exogenous agonists ATP and noradrenaline (NA). The nitric oxide scavenger, 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide, i…
The use of the Emotional-Object Recognition as an assay to assess learning and memory associated to an aversive stimulus in rodents
2016
Abstract Background Emotionally salient experiences induce the formation of explicit memory traces, besides eliciting automatic or implicit emotional memory in rodents. This study aims at investigating the implementation of a novel task for studying the formation of limbic memory engrams as a result of the acquisition- and retrieval- of fear-conditioning – biased declarative memory traces, measured by animal discrimination of an “emotional-object”. Moreover, by using this new method we investigated the potential interactions between stimulation of cannabinoid transmission and integration of emotional information and cognitive functioning. New method The Emotional-Object Recognition task is …
The dopamine uptake inhibitor 3 alpha-[bis(4'-fluorophenyl)metoxy]-tropane reduces cocaine-induced early-gene expression, locomotor activity, and con…
2009
Benztropine (BZT) analogs, a family of high-affinity dopamine transporter ligands, are molecules that exhibit pharmacological and behavioral characteristics predictive of significant therapeutic potential in cocaine addiction. Here, we examined in mice the effects of 3 alpha-[bis(4'-fluorophenyl)metoxy]-tropane (AHN-1055) on motor activity, conditioned place preference (CPP) and c-Fos expression in the striatum. AHN-1055 produced mild attenuation of spontaneous locomotor activity at a low dose (1 mg/kg) and weak stimulation at a higher dose (10 mg/kg). In parallel, the BZT analog significantly increased c-Fos expression in the dorsolateral caudoputamen at the high dose, whereas producing ma…
Treatments used for obsessive-compulsive disorder-An international perspective.
2018
Objective The objective of this study was to characterise international trends in the use of psychotropic medication, psychological therapies, and novel therapies used to treat obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods Researchers in the field of OCD were invited to contribute summary statistics on the characteristics of their samples. Consistency of summary statistics across countries was evaluated. Results The study surveyed 19 expert centres from 15 countries (Argentina, Australia, Brazil, China, Germany, Greece, India, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States) providing a total sample of 7,340 participants. Fluoxetine (n = 972; 13…
Intraspecific Communication Through Chemical Signals in Female Mice: Reinforcing Properties of Involatile Male Sexual Pheromones
2006
In rodents, social and reproductive behaviors critically depend on chemical signals, including sexual pheromones that have been suggested (but not demonstrated) to be rewarding. In this work, we analyze this issue by studying the chemoinvestigatory behavior of adult female mice (without experience with male-derived chemicals) toward 1) the synthetic odorant citralva, 2) bedding soiled by different conspecifics (females, males, and castrated males), and 3) volatiles derived from bedding soiled by males and castrated males (confronted in 2-choice tests). We also study whether these chemical signals are able to induce conditioned place preference, a reliable test for rewarding properties of st…
A Scanning Technique to Measure Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and Oxyhemoglobin Level
2001
OBJECTIVE: The application of a laser scanning technique to measure regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) and tissue hemoglobin oxygenation (HbO 2 ) using the rat closed cranial window preparation is described. METHODS: Twenty-nine male Wistar rats were used to consecutively measure local CBF by laser Doppler flowmetry and tissue HbO 2 by a microspectrophotometric method at multiple corresponding cortical locations. The scanning technique used a computer-controlled micromanipulator. Data from three experimental models are presented: the whisker stimulation model, the ischemia-reperfusion model, and the sinus-vein thrombosis model. Sequential changes in local CBF and HbO 2 data before, during, …
Evaluation of effectiveness of photobiostimulation in alleviating side effects after dental implant surgery. A randomized clinical trial
2020
Background To assess if photobiostimulation (PBS) alleviates pain intensity/duration and swelling after implant surgery. Material and Methods Sixty subjects (27 male and 33 female, with a mean age of 47,13 8.05 years) were included and randomly assigned to experimental group (implant surgery and photobiostimulation), placebo group (implant surgery and simulated photobiostimulation) and control group (implant surgery only). Inclusion criteria: subjects older than 20 years, with a healthy oral mucosa and requiring implant surgery. Exclusion criteria: pregnancy, history of implant failure, light sensitivity, metabolic deseases, consumption of antibiotics or corticosteroids in the last two week…
A comparison of methods for investigating the perceptual center of musical sounds
2019
In speech and music, the acoustic and perceptual onset(s) of a sound are usually not congruent with its perceived temporal location. Rather, these "P-centers" are heard some milliseconds after the acoustic onset, and a variety of techniques have been used in speech and music research to find them. Here we report on a comparative study that uses various forms of the method of adjustment (aligning a click or filtered noise in-phase or anti-phase to a repeated target sound), as well as tapping in synchrony with a repeated target sound. The advantages and disadvantages of each method and probe type are discussed, and then all methods are tested using a set of musical instrument sounds that syst…
Inhibitory purinergic transmission in mouse caecum: Role for P2Y1 receptors as prejunctional modulators of ATP release
2007
Using conventional microelectrode recording techniques, we investigated, in the circular muscle of the mouse caecum, the neurotransmitter(s) involved in the neurally-evoked inhibitory junction potentials (IJPs) and the existence of possible prejunctional mechanisms controlling neurotransmitter release. Electrical field stimulation with single pulses elicited IJPs, consisting only of a "fast" hyperpolarization, while using train stimuli (30-50 Hz) the initial fast hyperpolarization was followed by a slower hyperpolarization. The fast and the slow component were selectively antagonized by apamin, a blocker of calcium-activated potassium channels, and N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-…
Modulatory effects of nitric oxide-active drugs on the anticonvulsant activity of lamotrigine in an experimental model of partial complex epilepsy in…
2007
Abstract Background The effects induced by administering the anticonvulsant lamotrigine, the preferential inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase 7-nitroindazole and the precursor of NO synthesis L-arginine, alone or in combination, on an experimental model of partial complex seizures (maximal dentate gyrus activation) were studied in urethane anaesthetized rats. The epileptic activity of the dentate gyrus was obtained through the repetitive stimulation of the angular bundle and maximal dentate gyrus activation latency, duration and post-stimulus afterdischarge duration were evaluated. Results Either Lamotrigine (10 mg kg-1) or 7-nitroindazole (75 mg kg-1) i.p. administration had an ant…