Search results for "Streptomycin"
showing 10 items of 21 documents
Multidrug and broad-spectrum cephalosporin resistance among Salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis clinical isolates in southern Italy.
2002
ABSTRACT From 1992 to 1997, only six sporadic isolates of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis from patients with cases of gastroenteritis in southern Italy exhibited resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins. Five isolates produced SHV-12, and one isolate encoded a class C β-lactamase. The bla SHV-12 gene was located in at least two different self-transferable plasmids, one of which also carried a novel class 1 integron.
Determination of aminoglycoside and macrolide antibiotics in meat by pressurized liquid extraction and LC-ESI-MS
2010
A simple method for the simultaneous determination of dihydrostreptomycin, spectinomycin, spiramycin, streptomycin, tilmicosin, and tylosin in meat has been developed using pressurized liquid extraction and LC-triple quadrupole MS (LC-ESI-MS/MS). The pressurized liquid extraction operational parameters were optimized and no protein precipitating and fat removing steps were required. A gradient HPLC separation was developed with ion-pair mobile phases consisting of aqueous 1 mM heptafluorobutyric acid water and methanol. Protonated molecules were used as precursor ions for CID. Data acquisition under MS/MS was achieved by applying multiple reaction monitoring of three fragment ion transition…
Evaluation of antimicrobial resistance and virulence of enterococci from equipment surfaces, raw materials and traditional cheeses
2016
Forty enterococci isolated along the production chains of three traditional cheeses (PDO Pecorino Siciliano, PDO Vastedda della Valle del Belìce, and Caciocavallo Palermitano) made in Sicily (southern Italy) were studied for the assessment of their antibiotic resistance and virulence by a combined phenotypic/genotypic approach. A total of 31 Enterococcus displayed resistance to at least one or more of the antimicrobials tested. The strains exhibited high percentages of resistance to erythromycin (52.5%), ciprofloxacin (35.0%), quinupristin–dalfopristin (20.0%), tetracycline (17.5%), and high-level streptomycin (5.0%). The presence of tet(M), cat(pC221), and aadE genes for resistance to tetr…
Shigella sonnei biotype g carrying class 2 integrons in southern Italy: a retrospective typing study by pulsed field gel electrophoresis
2006
Abstract Background Emergence and global dissemination of multiresistant strains of enteric pathogens is a very concerning problem from both epidemiological and Public Health points of view. Shigella sonnei is the serogroup of Shigella most frequently responsible for sporadic and epidemic enteritis in developed countries. The dissemination is associated most often to human to human transmission, but foodborne episodes have also been described. In recent years the circulation of multiresistant strains of S. sonnei biotype g carrying a class 2 integron has been reported in many countries worldwide. In southern Italy a strain with similar properties has been responsible for a large community o…
Der Einflu� von Antibiotica auf die �berlebensrate von Mikroorganismen bei tiefen Temperaturen
1959
Die Lebendkeimzahl in einer Suspension vonE. coli nimmt bei +4°C langsam zu, nimmt bei-5°C wenig ab und fallt bei-19°C innerhalb von 24 Std stark, wahrend die Verringerung in den folgenden Tagen nur noch gering ist. Streptomycin und Penicillin vermindern in allen 3 Temperaturbereichen die Keimkonzentration in Abhangigkeit von der Antibioticumkonzentration. Subbakteriostatische Konzentrationen von Streptomycin haben bei-19°C eine zusatzliche Wirkung. Die Resistenz der in uberbakteriostatischen Antibioticakonzentrationen bei diesen Temperaturen uberlebenden Keime ist gegenuber dem Ausgangsstamm weder erhoht noch vermindert.
Prevalence and antibiotic-resistance of Salmonella isolated from beef sampled from the slaughterhouse and from retailers in Dakar (Senegal)
2005
A study was made of Salmonella contamination in beef sampled from a slaughterhouse and from retailers in Dakar, Senegal. The serotypes as well as antibiotic-resistance patterns of the Salmonella isolates were determined. A total of 435 meat samples (236 from the slaughterhouse, 199 from retailers) were tested. Among them, 275 (63%) were positive for Salmonella, 43% (101/236) from the slaughterhouse and 87% (174/199) from the retailers. Furthermore, 97% of the investigated retailers had at least one beef sample contaminated by Salmonella. The 286 Salmonella isolates were divided into 51 serotypes. The most prevalent serotypes were Salmonella bredeney (25%), S. muenster (8%), S. waycross (7%)…
Description of an improved method for Blastocystis hominis culture and axenization
1996
An improved method for Blastocystis hominis culture and axenization was developed in the present study. Stool samples were cultured in prereduced Boeck-Drbohlav NHI modified medium (with several modifications) supplemented with antibiotics (0.4% ampicillin, 0.1% streptomycin, 0.0006% amphotericin B). Axenization was performed by the combination of partial purification of B. hominis by Ficoll-metrizoic acid gradient and inoculation in fresh medium containing active antibiotics against remaining bacteria. A total of 25 strains were obtained by this procedure. The time required for axenization ranged between 3 and 5 weeks. The generation time of axenic strains ranged from 6.6 to 12.1 h (mean +…
Perspectives for the Treatment of Brucellosis in the 21st Century: The Ioannina Recommendations
2007
Policy Forum. Competing interests: ER has received research grants from Daiichi, Bayer, and Theravance and has served as a consultant to Pfizer, Theravance, Bayer, Wyeth, Rosetta, and BiondVax. Summary Points Brucellosis remains the commonest anthropozoonosis worldwide, and its treatment remains complex, requiring protracted administration of more than one antibiotic. In November 2006, a consensus meeting aimed at reaching a common specialist statement on the treatment of brucellosis was held in Ioannina, Greece under the auspices of the International Society of Chemotherapy and the Institute of Continuing Medical Education of Ioannina. The author panel suggests that the optimal treatment o…
Stability of a Split Streptomycin Binding Aptamer
2016
Here we investigated the stability of an aptamer, which is formed by two RNA strands and binds the antibiotic streptomycin. Molecular dynamics simulations in aqueous solution confirmed the geometry and the pattern of hydrogen bond interactions that was derived from the crystal structure (1NTB). The result of umbrella sampling simulations indicated a favored streptomycin binding with a free energy of ΔGbind° = −101.7 kJ mol–1. Experimentally, the increase in oligonucleotide stability upon binding of streptomycin was probed by single-molecule force spectroscopy. Rate dependent force spectroscopy measurements revealed a decrease in the natural off-rate (koff-COMPLEX = 0.22 ± 0.16 s–1) for the …
Sublethal streptomycin concentrations and lytic bacteriophage together promote resistance evolution.
2017
Sub-minimum inhibiting concentrations (sub-MICs) of antibiotics frequently occur in natural environments owing to wide-spread antibiotic leakage by human action. Even though the concentrations are very low, these sub-MICs have recently been shown to alter bacterial populations by selecting for antibiotic resistance and increasing the rate of adaptive evolution. However, studies are lacking on how these effects reverberate into key ecological interactions, such as bacteria-phage interactions. Previously, co-selection of bacteria by phages and antibiotic concentrations exceeding MICs has been hypothesized to decrease the rate of resistance evolution because of fitness costs associated with re…