Search results for "Stress."
showing 10 items of 5934 documents
Honey and obesity-related dysfunctions: a summary on health benefits
2020
Honey is a natural product, containing flavonoids and phenolic acids, appreciated for its therapeutic abilities since ancient times. Although the bioactive potential is linked to the composition, that is variable depending on mainly the botanical origin, honey has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, honey, administered alone or in combination with conventional therapy, might result useful in the management of chronic diseases that are commonly associated with oxidative stress and inflammation state. Obesity is a metabolic disorder characterized by visceral adiposity. The adipose tissue becomes hypertrophic and undergoes hyperplasia, resulting in a hypoxic environment, o…
Environmental Factors Such as Noise and Air Pollution and Vascular Disease
2020
Significance: According to the World Health Organization, noncommunicable diseases are the globally leading cause of mortality. Recent Advances: About 71% of 56 million deaths that occurred worldwide are due to noncommunicable cardiovascular risk factors, including tobacco smoking, unhealthy diets, lack of physical activity, overweight, arterial hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia, which can be either avoided or substantially reduced. Critical Issues: Thus, it is estimated that 80% of premature heart disease, stroke, and diabetes can be prevented. More recent evidence indicates that environmental stressors such as noise and air pollution contribute significantly to the global b…
Effects of Plant Sterols or β-Cryptoxanthin at Physiological Serum Concentrations on Suicidal Erythrocyte Death.
2018
The eryptotic and hemolytic effects of a phytosterol (PS) mixture (β-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol) or β-cryptoxanthin (β-Cx) at physiological serum concentration and their effect against oxidative stress induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide (tBOOH) (75 and 300 μM) were evaluated. β-Cryptoxanthin produced an increase in eryptotic cells, cell volume, hemolysis, and glutathione depletion (GSH) without ROS overproduction and intracellular Ca2+influx. Co-incubation of both bioactive compounds protected against β-Cx-induced eryptosis. Under tBOOH stress, PS prevented eryptosis, reducing Ca2+influx, ROS overproduction and GSH depletion at 75 μM, and hemolysis at both tBOOH concentrations. β…
Mitochondrial Function in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia: Deficits in SPG7 but Not SPAST Patient-Derived Stem Cells
2020
Mutations in SPG7 and SPAST are common causes of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). While some SPG7 mutations cause paraplegin deficiency, other SPG7 mutations cause increased paraplegin expression. Mitochondrial function has been studied in models that are paraplegin-deficient (human, mouse, and Drosophila models with large exonic deletions, null mutations, or knockout models) but not in models of mutations that express paraplegin. Here, we evaluated mitochondrial function in olfactory neurosphere-derived cells, derived from patients with a variety of SPG7 mutations that express paraplegin and compared them to cells derived from healthy controls and HSP patients with SPAST mutations, as …
Metabolic Engineering of Bacterial Respiration: High vs. Low P/O and the Case of Zymomonas mobilis
2019
Respiratory chain plays a pivotal role in the energy and redox balance of aerobic bacteria. By engineering respiration, it is possible to alter the efficiency of energy generation and intracellular redox state, and thus affect the key bioprocess parameters: cell yield, productivity and stress resistance. Here we summarize the current metabolic engineering and synthetic biology approaches to bacterial respiratory metabolism, with a special focus on the respiratory chain of the ethanologenic bacterium Zymomonas mobilis. Electron transport in Z. mobilis can serve as a model system of bacterial respiration with low oxidative phosphorylation efficiency. Its application for redox balancing and re…
Influence of gut microbiota on neuropsychiatric disorders
2017
The last decade has witnessed a growing appreciation of the fundamental role played by an early assembly of a diverse and balanced gut microbiota and its subsequent maintenance for future health of the host. Gut microbiota is currently viewed as a key regulator of a fluent bidirectional dialogue between the gut and the brain (gut-brain axis). A number of preclinical studies have suggested that the microbiota and its genome (microbiome) may play a key role in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, alterations in the gut microbiota composition in humans have also been linked to a variety of neuropsychiatric conditions, including depression, autism and Parkinson’s dis…
The role of oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease caused by social isolation and loneliness
2020
Loneliness and social isolation are common sources of chronic stress in modern society. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that loneliness and social isolation increase mortality risk as much as smoking or alcohol consumption and more than physical inactivity or obesity. Loneliness in human is associated with higher blood pressure whereas enhanced atherosclerosis is observed in animal models of social isolation. Loneliness and social isolation lead to activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, enhanced sympathetic nerve activity, impaired parasympathetic function and a proinflammatory immune response. These mechanisms have been implicated in the development o…
Extravascular coagulation in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell regulation
2018
Abstract The hemostatic system plays pivotal roles in injury repair, innate immunity, and adaptation to inflammatory challenges. We review the evidence that these vascular-protective mechanisms have nontraditional roles in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) maintenance in their physiological bone marrow (BM) niches at steady-state and under stress. Expression of coagulation factors and the extrinsic coagulation initiator tissue factor by osteoblasts, tissue-resident macrophages, and megakaryocytes suggests that endosteal and vascular HSC niches are functionally regulated by extravascular coagulation. The anticoagulant endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR; Procr) is highly expressed by primitive …
Antagonization of IL-17A Attenuates Skin Inflammation and Vascular Dysfunction in Mouse Models of Psoriasis
2019
Besides skin inflammation, patients with severe psoriasis suffer from an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. IL-17A plays a central role in the development of psoriasis and might connect skin and vascular disease. The aim of this study was to clarify whether anti-IL-17A therapy could also ameliorate the vascular dysfunction associated with severe psoriasis. We analyzed three murine models with varying severities of psoriasis-like skin disease concerning their vascular function and inflammation: (i) K14-IL-17A(ind/+) mice with keratinocyte-specific IL-17A overexpression and an early-onset severe psoriasis-like phenotype; (ii) homozygous CD11c-IL-17A(ind/ind) and heterozygous CD11c-IL…
Increased survival of honeybees in the laboratory after simultaneous exposure to low doses of pesticides and bacteria
2018
Recent studies of honeybees and bumblebees have examined combinatory effects of different stressors, as insect pollinators are naturally exposed to multiple stressors. At the same time the potential influences of simultaneously occurring agricultural agents on insect pollinator health remain largely unknown. Due to different farming methods, and the drift of applied agents and manure, pollinators are most probably exposed to insecticides but also bacteria from organic fertilizers at the same time. We orally exposed honeybee workers to sub-lethal doses of the insecticide thiacloprid and two strains of the bacterium Enterococcus faecalis, which can occur in manure from farming animals. Our re…