Search results for "Stroke"

The role of erythropoietin in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: from bench to bedside.

2014

Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) caused by a ruptured aneurysm accounts for only 5% of strokes, but occurs at a fairly young age and carries a poor prognosis. Delayed cerebral ischaemia (DCI) is an important cause of death and dependence after aneurysmal SAH. The current mainstay of preventing DCI is nimodipine and maintenance of normovolemia, but even with this strategy DCI occurs in a considerable proportion of patients. Several drugs have been developed that have the potential to limit cerebral vasospasm and delayed ischaemic neurologic defi cit, thus improving outcome for patients. However, although numerous agents can prevent arterial narrowing and/or block the excitatory cascade of even…

Resveratrol and stroke: from chemistry to medicine.

2014

Stroke is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases and is known as a leading cause of death in the world. Despite to its high prevalence, there are limited effective therapeutic strategies for stroke till now. However, oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of stroke and therefore, antioxidant therapy could be used as a new therapeutic strategy. Among the antioxidants, some natural compounds are very interesting due to their low adverse effects. Resveratrol (3, 5, 4'-trihydroxystilbene) is a natural polyphenolic antioxidant found in grape skin, grape products, and peanuts as well as in red wine. In recent years, much attention has been paid to resveratrol due to …

2016

Background Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has become the treatment of choice in patients with severe aortic valve stenosis who are not eligible for operative replacement and an alternative for those with high surgical risk. Due to high age and smoking history in a high proportion of TAVI patients, suspicious findings are frequently observed in pre-procedural chest computer tomography (CCT).

Prevenzione dell’ictus cerebrale nel diabete

2005

Diversi studi epidemiologici hanno chiaramente documentato che il diabete mellito costituisce un importante fattore di rischio ictus ischemico, mettendo altresì in evidenza la peggiore prognosi delle malattie cerebrovascolari nei pazienti diabetici. Tra le varietà di stroke ischemico quella lacunare sembra essere peculiare del paziente diabetico, essendo legata a una patologia delle piccole arterie penetranti dell’encefalo, nel contesto della tipica microangiopatia diabetica. L’ipertensione arteriosa costituisce il più importante fattore di rischio modificabile di ictus nel paziente diabetico ed è ampiamente dimostrato che la sua correzione farmacologica costituisce oggi la migliore possibi…

Extravascular Lung Water Does Not Increase in Hypovolemic Patients after a Fluid-Loading Protocol Guided by the Stroke Volume Variation

2012

Introduction. Circulatory failure secondary to hypovolemia is a common situation in critical care patients. Volume replacement is the first option for the treatment of hypovolemia. A possible complication of volume loading is pulmonary edema, quantified at the bedside by the measurement of extravascular lung water index (ELWI). ELWI predicts progression to acute lung injury (ALI) in patients with risk factors for developing it. The aim of this study was to assess whether fluid loading guided by the stroke volume variation (SVV), in patients presumed to be hypovolemic, increased ELWI or not.Methods. Prospective study of 17 consecutive postoperative, fully mechanically ventilated patients dia…

The size of juxtaluminal hypoechoic area in ultrasound images of asymptomatic carotid plaques predicts the occurrence of stroke

2013

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that the size of a juxtaluminal black (hypoechoic) area (JBA) in ultrasound images of asymptomatic carotid artery plaques predicts future ipsilateral ischemic stroke. METHODS: A JBA was defined as an area of pixels with a grayscale value 10 mm(2) (P 8 mm(2)) was still significant after adjusting for other plaque features known to be associated with increased risk, including stenosis, grayscale median, presence of discrete white areas without acoustic shadowing indicating neovascularization, plaque area, and history of contralateral TIA or stroke. Plaque area and grayscale median were not significant. Using the significant variables (stenosis, discr…

Serum pentraxin 3 as a clinical biomarker of branch atheromatous disease: a marker of brain ischaemia or an atherotrombosis marker?

2020

Carotid plaque detection improves the predictve value of CHA2DS2-VASc score in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrilation: The ARAPACIS Study

2017

Abstract Background and aims Vascular disease (VD), as assessed by history of myocardial infarction or peripheral artery disease or aortic plaque, increases stroke risk in atrial fibrillation (AF), and is a component of risk assessment using the CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score. We investigated if systemic atherosclerosis as detected by ultrasound carotid plaque (CP) could improve the predictive value of the CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score. Methods We analysed data from the ARAPACIS study, an observational study including 2027 Italian patients with non-valvular AF, in whom CP was detected using Doppler Ultrasonography. Results VD was reported in 351 (17.3%) patients while CP was detected in 16.6% patients. Ad…

Mice with experimental antiphospholipid syndrome display hippocampal dysfunction and a reduction of dendritic complexity in hippocampal CA1 neurones

2015

Aims The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by high titres of auto-antibodies (aPL) leading to thrombosis and consequent infarcts. However, many affected patients develop neurological symptoms in the absence of stroke. Similarly, in a mouse model of this disease (eAPS), animals consistently develop behavioural abnormalities despite lack of ischemic brain injury. Therefore, the present study was designed to identify structural alterations of hippocampal neurones underlying the neurological symptoms in eAPS. Methods Adult female Balb/C mice were subjected to either induction of eAPS by immunization with β2-Glycoprotein 1 or to a control group. After sixteen…

Quantitative Cerebral Blood Flow Mapping in Stroke and During Mental Stimulation After Intravenous Injection of 195mAu

1985

The new short life isotope 195mAu has some suitable features for quantitative cerebral blood flow mapping. Its half-life is 30.5 s; therefore an injection can be repeated after 3 min (six half-lives) without any need for background subtraction and with the same specific activity. The calculated whole body radiation dose after three successive administrations of 25 mCi 195mAu amounts to 50 mrad. In comparison to a 99mTc pertechnetate injection it is estimated that the dose to the patients is reduced by a factor of eight (Garcia et al. 1981).