Search results for "Structural change"

The environmental Kuznets curve within European countries and sectors: greenhouse emission, production function and technology

2018

Based on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis and the technological change and the environment literature, our original contribution consists in analysing within the decomposition model the direct and indirect influence of technological change as well as the energy mix on CO2 emissions. Focusing on the dirtiest sectors of 25 EU countries in the period 1997-2005 and considering the endogeneity issue, we estimate an adjusted EKC relationship comparing a single equation model (univariate model) with a simultaneous equations system (bivariate model). Following Lopez (J Environ Econ Manag 27:163-184, 1994), a second equation is introduced where per capita income is a positive functio…

A Cointegration Analysis of Car Advertising and Sales Data in the Presence of Structural Change

2006

Abstract This paper examines whether there is a long‐run stable equilibrium relationship between advertising and sales across the market segments of the UK car industry over the period 1971–2001. In order to achieve this goal, we allow for structural breaks in the series using cointegration techniques. The results show the existence of long‐run equilibrium relationships in all six market segments, although in four of them the relationship is not stable. In general, one structural change is detected in the late 1970s and another in the early 1990s, coinciding with two economic recessions. When we do not account for structural changes, the estimated long‐run elasticities of advertising on sal…

US deficit sustainability revisited: A multiple structural change approach

2008

In this article we re-examine the long-run sustainability of US budget deficits, using Bai and Perron's multiple structural change approach. While the deficit would have been weakly sustainable over the full sample (1947:1–2005:3), strong sustainability would appear only between January 1982 and February 1996.

Testing the long-run relationship between health expenditures and GDP in the presence of structural change: the case of Spain

2007

This article examines the long-run relationship between per capita US$ PPP health expenditures (HE) and per capita US$ PPP national income (GDP), using Spanish data over the period 1960 to 2001. We extend previous analyses by addressing the question of whether this relationship is stable over time, allowing for structural changes at an unknown date. Our empirical results are consistent with the existence of a long-run relationship between both variables, with two structural changes in 1971 and 1991. On the other hand, health would have been characterized as a luxury commodity, even though increasingly less over time.

The role of crystalline, mobile amorphous and rigid amorphous fractions in the performance of recycled poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET)

2012

[EN] The action of thermo-mechanical degradation induced by mechanical recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) was simulated by successive injection moulding cycles. Degradation reactions provoked chain scissions and a reduction in molar mass mainly driven by the reduction of diethyleneglycol to ethylene glycol units in the flexible domain of the PET backbone, and the formation of -OH terminated species with shorter chain length. The consequent microstructural changes were quantified taking into account a three-fraction model involving crystalline, mobile amorphous (MAF) and rigid amorphous fractions (RAF). A remarkable increase of RAF, to a detriment of MAF was observed, while the percen…

Present-day uplift of the European Alps: Evaluating mechanisms and models of their relative contributions

2019

Abstract Recent measurements of surface vertical displacements of the European Alps show a correlation between vertical velocities and topographic features, with widespread uplift at rates of up to ~2–2.5 mm/a in the North-Western and Central Alps, and ~1 mm/a across a continuous region from the Eastern to the South-Western Alps. Such a rock uplift rate pattern is at odds with the horizontal velocity field, characterized by shortening and crustal thickening in the Eastern Alps and very limited deformation in the Central and Western Alps. Proposed mechanisms of rock uplift rate include isostatic response to the last deglaciation, long-term erosion, detachment of the Western Alpine slab, as w…

Back to agriculture? Malthus, Torrens, and Ricardo on International Trade and Structural Change

2019

In this article, we have analyzed the relationships among international trade, structural change, and economic growth in Malthus 1817 and 1826, Torrens 1815, and Ricardo 1822. In his Essay and in the 1815 pamphlet Grounds of an Opinion Malthus addressed international trade policy issues and elaborated quite a few arguments, ranging from economics to geopolitics, to support food protectionism. In this article, we have focused on Malthus’s views concerning international trade-induced structural change and the long-run growth prospects of an industrial country that heavily depends on foreign corn imports to feed its own population. To put it briefly, Malthus claimed that, in the long run, agri…

Dynamique de la structure industrielle française

1990

Is Food Self-Sufficiency Conducive to Long-Term Growth? An Assessment of Malthus (1803) on the International Corn Trade.

2017

In this article, we have reconstructed Malthus’s views on growth and international corn trade in the second edition of his An Essay on the Principle of Population (1803) and shown their theoretical consistency with Malthus’s food self-sufficiency policy proposal advanced in Grounds of an Opinion on the Policy of Restricting the Importation of Foreign Corn ([1815] 1986b), the protectionist pamphlet that elicited Ricardo’s vehement reaction in “Essay on Profits.” Malthus’s (1803) main thesis was that the contemporary British unbalanced growth pattern was not viable. In order to avoid premature stagnation, he thought that Great Britain should both follow a pattern of balanced growth and pursue…

Innovation cooperative systems and structural change: An evolutionary analysis of Anecoop and Mondragon cases

2016

International audience; In a globalized world, clusters, or territorial production systems, need to evolve into innovation systems to retain their competitive advantages and be able to develop. This study analyzes the cooperative entrepreneurship model as a means of structural change for these clusters, constituting a third way between the private business way and the government-oriented way. Building on an evolutionist approach and a qualitative comparative methodology, the study analyzes two successful cooperatives: Mondragon and Anecoop. As a novelty, this article explains the innovation process from an institutional perspective, combining micro–meso–macro levels. The results confirm tha…