Search results for "Substance use"
showing 10 items of 79 documents
The burden of mental disorders, substance use disorders and self-harm among young people in Europe, 1990–2019: Findings from the Global Burden of Dis…
2022
Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAM
Aseptic Production vs. Terminal Sterilization
2000
The safety of substance use in intraocular surgery ideally requires the absence of all biologically-active components capable of causing an inflammatory reaction. Substance purity is achieved with isolation and cleansing methods (e.g., of the polysaccharide), which remove any biological component with infective potential. The methods of production for polysaccharide isolation should remove biological agents, regardless of its origin. Hyaluronic acid is isolated either from rooster combs or biological fermentation. Use of this substance showed the development of postoperative intraocular inflammatory reactions resulting from contaminations from both sources. OVD should have low endotoxin val…
Validation of the Five-Factor Self-Concept Questionnaire AF5 in Brazil: Testing factor structure and measurement invariance across language (Brazilia…
2018
Self-concept is widely conceptualized as multidimensional (Shavelson et al., 1976). The Five-Factor Self-Concept Questionnaire (AF5, Garcia and Musitu, 2009) assesses five specific dimensions (i.e., academic, social, emotional, family, and physical). It is a psychometrically sound questionnaire, developed, and normed in Spain, which is widely used with Spanish-speaking samples. The validation of the AF5 in Brazil would expand its potential, and would facilitate cross-cultural research. To validate the Brazilian version of the AF5, the present study apply confirmatory factor analysis and multi-sample invariance analysis across sex (women vs. men), age (11-18 years old), and language (Brazili…
Slow release oral morphine versus methadone for the treatment of opioid use disorder
2019
ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of slow release oral morphine (SROM) as a treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD).DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs).Data sourcesThree electronic databases were searched through 1 May 2018: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE and EMBASE. We also searched the following electronic registers for ongoing trials: ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Current Controlled Trials and the EU Clinical Trials Register.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesWe included RCTs of all durations, assessing the effect of SROM on measures of treatment retention, heroin use…
Shared genetic risk between eating disorder- and substance-use-related phenotypes: Evidence from genome-wide association studies
2020
AbstractEating disorders and substance use disorders frequently co-occur. Twin studies reveal shared genetic variance between liabilities to eating disorders and substance use, with the strongest associations between symptoms of bulimia nervosa (BN) and problem alcohol use (genetic correlation [rg], twin-based=0.23-0.53). We estimated the genetic correlation between eating disorder and substance use and disorder phenotypes using data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Four eating disorder phenotypes (anorexia nervosa [AN], AN with binge-eating, AN without binge-eating, and a BN factor score), and eight substance-use-related phenotypes (drinks per week, alcohol use disorder [AUD], …
Substance use, medication adherence and outcome one year following a first episode of psychosis
2016
Both substance use and poor medication adherence are associated with poor outcome in psychosis. To clarify the contributions of substance use and poor medication adherence to poor outcome in the year following a first episode of psychosis, 205 patients were evaluated for use of tobacco, alcohol, cannabis and stimulants at their psychosis onset, and in a 1-year follow-up. Data on medication adherence and symptom remission were also collected. Patients had high rates of overall substance use before (37-65%) and after psychosis onset (45-66%). 44% showed poor medication adherence and 55% did not reach remission from psychosis. Nicotine dependence and cannabis use after psychosis onset signific…
Transcranial Electrical and Magnetic Stimulation (tES and TMS) for Addiction Medicine: A Consensus Paper on the Present State of the Science and the …
2019
International audience; There is growing interest in non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) as a novel treatment option for substance-use disorders (SUDs). Recent momentum stems from a foundation of preclinical neuroscience demonstrating links between neural circuits and drug consuming behavior, as well as recent FDA-approval of NIBS treatments for mental health disorders that share overlapping pathology with SUDs. As with any emerging field, enthusiasm must be tempered by reason; lessons learned from the past should be prudently applied to future therapies. Here, an international ensemble of experts provides an overview of the state of transcranial-electrical (tES) and transcranial-magnetic…
Risk of Hospitalized Falls and Hip Fractures in 22,103 Older Adults Receiving Mental Health Care vs 161,603 Controls: A Large Cohort Study.
2020
Abstract: Objectives: To investigate the risk of hospitalized fall or hip fracture among older adults using mental health services. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting and Participants: Residents of a South London catchment aged >60 years receiving specialist mental health care between 2008 and 2016. Measures: Falls and/or a hip fracture leading to hospitalization were ascertained from linked national records. Incidence rates and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were age- and gender-standardized to the catchment population. Multivariable survival analyses were applied investigating falls and/or hip fractures as outcomes. Results: In 22,103 older adults, incidence rates were 60.1 per 100…
Decision Making Impairment: A Shared Vulnerability in Obesity, Gambling Disorder and Substance Use Disorders?
2016
Introduction Addictions are associated with decision making impairments. The present study explores decision making in Substance use disorder (SUD), Gambling disorder (GD) and Obesity (OB) when assessed by Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and compares them with healthy con- trols (HC). Methods For the aims of this study, 591 participants (194 HC, 178 GD, 113 OB, 106 SUD) were assessed according to DSM criteria, completed a sociodemographi c interview and con- ducted the IGT. Results SUD, GD and OB present impaired decision making when compared to the HC in the over- all task and task learning, however no differences are found for the overall performanc e inthe IGT among the clinical groups. Results…
El estilo de socialización familiar como factor de prevención o riesgo para el consumo de sustancias y otros problemas de conducta en los adolescente…
2013
El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el estilo de socializacion familiar como un factor de prevencion o riesgo para el consumo de sustancias con una muestra de 673 adolescentes espanoles de 14-17 anos (M = 15,49; DT = 1,06) de los cuales el 51,7% eran mujeres. Todos ellos completaron la Escala de Estilos de Socializacion Parental en Adolescentes (ESPA29), y una escala de consumo de sustancias, ademas como criterios complementarios respondieron a una escala de comportamientos delictivos y a otra de conducta escolar disruptiva. Se aplico un MANOVA factorial (4×2×2) con el consumo de sustancias, los comportamientos delictivos y la conducta escolar disruptiva entre los estilos de socializac…