Search results for "Suppression"

Dendritic cells, engineered to secrete a T-cell receptor mimic peptide, induce antigen-specific immunosuppression in vivo

2003

A T-cell receptor mimic peptide (TCRpep) consisting of an 8-amino-acid peptide, homologous to the transmembrane region of the T-cell receptor (TCR) alpha chain, blocks T-cell activation after systemic application. When dendritic cells (DCs) were transduced to secrete the TCRpep and injected into mice, evidence of immunosuppression was observed. In a CD8-driven allergy model, the injection of DCs transduced with the TCRpep reduced inflammation markedly and in a CD4+ T cell-dependent model of multiple sclerosis (experimental autoimmune encephalitis, EAE), injection of TCRpep-secreting DCs abrogated EAE symptoms and prolonged survival. These effects were antigen specific, because transduced DC…

Does risk of small mustelid predation affect the oestrous cycle in the bank vole,Clethrionomys glareolus?

1996

Female bank voles suppress their reproduction when the risk of small mustelid predation is high. The mechanism for this reproductive suppression is unknown. Because rodents are known to alter their oestrous cycle in response to changing environmental conditions, the eVect of predation risk on the oestrous cycle of bank vole females was studied. The oestrous cycles of 24 females divided into two treatments (predation risk and control) were observed for 20 days using female receptivity as an indication of oestrus. Voles exposed for 2-3 h a day for 20 days to the close presence of a least weasel, Mustela nivalis nivalis, had fewer oestrous cycles than control females exposed to a domestic rabb…

Immune suppression in advanced chronic fascioliasis: an experimental study in a rat model.

2006

Chronicity and Th2 immune responses are features of helminth infections in humans. The liver fluke promotes its own survival through several strategies to down-regulate the immune response of the host during the early phase of infection. However, there is no evidence that this modulation occurs much later. The immune response in advanced chronic fascioliasis was analyzed in an experimental rat model at 20 weeks after infection. Cytokine quantification in infected rat serum revealed basal levels. The predominant immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype was IgG1. Flow cytometry analysis of T cell (CD3 + , CD4 + , and CD8a + ), B cell (CD45R + ), and macrophage (CD11b + ) populations in spleens showed no s…

Vehicle localization based on scene perception

2021

The vision-based vehicle localization task is tackled as an image-based place recognition problem in this thesis. As image representation is an important process to place recognition, we proposed place recognition methods focusing on increasing the quality of image features. First, the dynamic object removal step is proposed to remove the dynamic objects, such as vehicles and pedestrians, of an image by semantic segmentation method and restore their background information by image inpainting method. Second, reducing instead of removing the noisy information of an image is proposed. Using the image blurring method to reduce the image noise, the performance of place recognition is improved wi…

Simultaneous measurement of the muon neutrino charged-current cross section on oxygen and carbon without pions in the final state at T2K

2020

Authors: K. Abe,56 N. Akhlaq,45 R. Akutsu,57 A. Ali,32 C. Alt,11 C. Andreopoulos,54,34 L. Anthony,21 M. Antonova,19 S. Aoki,31 A. Ariga,2 T. Arihara,59 Y. Asada,69 Y. Ashida,32 E. T. Atkin,21 Y. Awataguchi,59 S. Ban,32 M. Barbi,46 G. J. Barker,66 G. Barr,42 D. Barrow,42 M. Batkiewicz-Kwasniak,15 A. Beloshapkin,26 F. Bench,34 V. Berardi,22 L. Berns,58 S. Bhadra,70 S. Bienstock,53 S. Bolognesi,6 T. Bonus,68 B. Bourguille,18 S. B. Boyd,66 A. Bravar,13 D. Bravo Berguño,1 C. Bronner,56 S. Bron,13 A. Bubak,51 M. Buizza Avanzini ,10 T. Campbell,7 S. Cao,16 S. L. Cartwright,50 M. G. Catanesi,22 A. Cervera,19 D. Cherdack,17 N. Chikuma,55 G. Christodoulou,12 M. Cicerchia,24,† J. Coleman,34 G. Collazu…

RVVS 2013

2013

Immunological insights into the pathogenesis of active CMV infection in non-immunosuppressed critically ill patients.

2011

Dissociation of cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA loads between the lower respiratory tract and blood, with high levels in the former compartment and low or undetectable levels in the latter, commonly occurs during active CMV infection in critically ill patients despite the presence of high frequencies of CMV-specific IFN-γ-producing CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in blood. Data presented in this case report suggest that inter-compartmental differences in interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels may, in part, explain the pathobiology of this phenomenon. In the absence of ganciclovir treatment, a significant correlation was observed between IL-10 levels and CMV DNA loads in lower respiratory tract specimens (P = 0.016)…

Disrupting immune regulation incurs transient costs in male reproductive function.

2014

9 pages; International audience; BACKGROUND: Immune protection against pathogenic organisms has been shown to incur costs. Previous studies investigating the cost of immunity have mostly focused on the metabolic requirements of immune maintenance and activation. In addition to these metabolic costs, the immune system can induce damage to the host if the immune response is mis-targeted or over-expressed. Given its non-specific nature, an over-expressed inflammatory response is often associated with substantial damage for the host. Here, we investigated the cost of an over-expressed inflammatory response in the reproductive function of male mice. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We experimenta…

Epigenetics As The Driving Force In Long-Term Immunosuppression

2016

Epigenetics is an emerging frontier of biology, with the potential for deciphering the intricate molecular and transcriptional cellular programs, therefore contributing to explain the pathological evolution of sepsis, one of the most elusive syndromes in medicine. The evolution of sepsis depends not only on the pathogen which originated the infection but also on the genetic and epigenetic background of the host. Short-term mortality of sepsis and septic shock is high, being considered a public health concern worldwide. Immunosuppression is the predominant driving force for morbidity and mortality in late deaths and long-term deaths of survivors from a sepsis episode. In this regard, apoptos…

Everolimus With Reduced Tacrolimus Improves Renal Function in De Novo Liver Transplant Recipients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2012

    In a prospective, multicenter, open-label study, de novo liver transplant patients were randomized at day 30±5 to (i) everolimus initiation with tacrolimus elimination (TAC Elimination) (ii) everolimus initiation with reduced-exposure tacrolimus (EVR+Reduced TAC) or (iii) standard-exposure tacrolimus (TAC Control). Randomization to TAC Elimination was terminated prematurely due to a higher rate of treated biopsy-proven acute rejection (tBPAR). EVR+Reduced TAC was noninferior to TAC Control for the primary efficacy endpoint (tBPAR, graft loss or death at 12 months posttransplantation): 6.7% versus 9.7% (-3.0%; 95% CI -8.7, 2.6%; p<0.001 for noninferiority [12% margin]). tBPAR occurred in…