Search results for "Système de culture"
showing 10 items of 58 documents
CoSAC, un projet pour la conception de stratégies durables de gestion des adventices dans un contexte de changement (climat, pratiques agricoles, bio…
2016
The CoSAC project associates partners from research and development in order to (1) quantify and understand, with experiments, the effects of novel agricultural practices on weeds and the functioning of the agroecosystem, (2) design tools that predict the effect of agricultural techniques et pedoclimate on weed flora, (3) use these tools to design sustainable weed management strategies and to evaluate their performances in contexts of changing agricultural practices, climate, biodiversity, (4) facilitate the adoption of these novel strategies by farmers. We will present the first results of the project, e.g. the effect on weeds of cover crops during fallow or associated to a cash crop, the …
Analyse et modélisation des effets des pratiques agricoles sur les services et disservices écosystémiques dépendant des adventices - application à l'…
2014
Modélisation des effets des systèmes de culture sur la dynamique de la plante parasite orobanche rameuse en interaction avec les adventices
2019
Reducing pesticide use is a major challenge in agriculture and involves developing more sustainable methods that rely on non-chemical cropping techniques and biological regulations according to agroecological principles. Branched broomrape (Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel) is a root parasitic plant which infects crops and causes dramatic yield losses worldwide. Managing broomrape is complex because it requires combining several cropping techniques whithin a global weed management strategy because broomrape is also able to infect non-parasitic weeds. The aim of this thesis was to stynthetize knowledge on branched broomrape dynamics in agroecosystems and to aggregate it within a mechanistic mod…
On a les adventices qu’on mérite, mais ce n’est pas toujours mauvais signe ! Retour sur 17 ans d’essai INRA sur la réduction des herbicides
2019
National audience; On sait depuis longtemps que la gestion des adventices ne peut être réglée en un claquement de doigts, surtout quand on est en transition vers un système plus innovant. On sait aussi que c’est rarement la recherche de méthodes de substitution qui permet d’atteindre des objectifs ambitieux. Une « reconception » profonde du système est souvent nécessaire pour se donner les moyens d’atteindre la multiperformance. C’est ce que l’Inra a fait, en 2000, en définissant et en testant cinq prototypes de systèmes de culture visant à réduire l’usage d’herbicides. L’un des systèmes a été en TCS pendant dix ans, et en semis direct sous couvert (ACS) durant les sept dernières années. Ca…
Modélisation des effets des systèmes de culture sur la dynamique de la plante parasite orobanche rameuse en interaction avec les adventices
2019
Reducing pesticide use is a major challenge in agriculture and involves developing more sustainable methods that rely on non-chemical cropping techniques and biological regulations according to agroecological principles. Branched broomrape (Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel) is a root parasitic plant which infects crops and causes dramatic yield losses worldwide. Managing broomrape is complex because it requires combining several cropping techniques whithin a global weed management strategy because broomrape is also able to infect non-parasitic weeds. The aim of this thesis was to stynthetize knowledge on branched broomrape dynamics in agroecosystems and to aggregate it within a mechanistic mod…
Evaluation ex ante des conséquences de l'adoption de la production intégrée en grandes cultures à l'échelle de la Bourgogne
2015
The agriculture in France is under intense pressure. Farmers are asked to change their crop management, to evolve toward agroecology, to follow the principles of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and to reduce pesticide use. However such an evolution toward an alternative agricultural model will be possible only if innovative cropping systems are able to maintain competitive and profitable farms.The aim of our work is to contribute to the debates about this issue, by evaluating ex ante the potential consequences of adopting the principles of IPM over one whole agricultural region, taking into account the diversity of production situations within this region. We considered the Burgundy region…
Quels enseignements à retenir de la régression des Messicoles ?
2015
SPEAGROSUPECOLDURGEAPSI; National audience; La régression de la plupart des espèces messicoles ces sept dernières décennies, voire la disparition de certaines espèces, est le plus souvent commentée et interprétée en termes de démarche de protection d’une flore patrimoniale en danger. Ainsi, le Plan National d’Action lancé par le Ministère de l’Ecologie en faveur des messicoles traduit cette préoccupation qui commence maintenant à se décliner à différentes échelles spatiales et sociales (http://www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/Plan-national-d-actions-en-faveur,32610.html). Le volet recherche de cette démarche dans un projet CASDAR tend à apporter une vision évolutive de la situation, notamm…
Cropping system dynamics, climate variability, and seed losses among East African smallholder farmers: a retrospective survey.
2014
Abstract Climate variability directly affects traditional low input and rain-fed farming systems, but few studies have paid attention retrospectively to the cropping system’s ability to mitigate climate risk. This study analyzes the impacts of rainfall variability on farmers’ seed variety losses over time, considering changes in smallholder farming systems. The cropping system dynamics, in favoring maize at the expense of sorghum and pearl millet, have induced an increasing risk of seed loss during drought. Combining ecological anthropology and climatology, a retrospective survey asking farmers about the period 1961–2006 was carried out at three altitudinal levels (750, 950, and 1100 m) on …
Etude de la variabilité des propriétés physiques et hydrodynamiques d'un sol argileux sous l'effet de conduites en protection intégrée contre les adv…
2015
Integrated weed management (IWM)-based cropping systems are of great interest due to their significant reduction of herbicide inputs by using a complex combination of agricultural techniques. The main objective of our work was to contribute to the environmental dimension of the multi-criteria evaluation of IWM-based cropping systems which were set up since 2000 on the experimental domain of the National Institute for Agronomical Research (INRA) to Bretenière (France). The variability of physical and hydrodynamic soil properties involved in the transfer of water through the vadose zone was studied for the 5 cropping systems present on the experimental site (1 reference cropping system and 4 …
Cultiver sans herbicides? Possible dit l'INRA
2012
EA EcolDur CT1 Interview article par S. Huet