Search results for "Systematic Review"
showing 10 items of 656 documents
Effectiveness of interventions to prevent pre-frailty and frailty progression in older adults: a systematic review
2018
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the best available evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions for preventing frailty progression in older adults. INTRODUCTION: Frailty is an age-related state of decreased physiological reserves characterized by an increased risk of poor clinical outcomes. Evidence supporting the malleability of frailty, its prevention and treatment, has been presented. INCLUSION CRITERIA: The review considered studies on older adults aged 65 and over, explicitly identified as pre-frail or frail, who had been undergoing interventions focusing on the prevention of frailty progression. Participants selected on the basis of specific illness or with a terminal diagnosis were …
Predicting risk and outcomes for frail older adults: an umbrella review of frailty screening tools
2017
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Background A scoping search identified systematic reviews on diagnostic accuracy and predictive ability of frailty measures in older adults. In most cases, research was confined to specific assessment measures related to a specific clinical model. Objectives To summarize the best available evidence from systematic reviews in relation to reliability, validity, diagnostic accuracy and predictive ability of frailty measures in older adults. Inclusion criteria Population Older adults aged 60 years or older recruited from community, primary care, long-term residential care and hospitals. Index test Available frailty measures in older adults. Reference test Cardiovascular Health…
Prevalence and comorbidity of autism spectrum disorder in Spain: study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
2019
[Background] Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental disorder characterised by impaired social interaction and communication, and restrictive and repetitive behaviour. Previous systematic reviews have traditionally assessed the prevalence of ASD on global or regional context, with very few meta-analyses at the country level. The objective of this study will be to systematically evaluate published and unpublished observational studies that present prevalence and comorbidity of ASD among children, adolescent and adult population in Spain.
Community garden initiatives addressing health and well‐being outcomes: A systematic review of infodemiology aspects, outcomes, and target populations
2021
Previous research has suggested that activities such as community gardens could offer a wide range of health benefits. The aim of the article is to systematically review the available literature to analyse the magnitude of the phenomenon, the geographical distribution, and the main characteristics in terms of health outcomes and target populations. The search addresses the question whether the activity in community gardens improves health and well-being outcomes of individuals. From the total amount of 7226, 84 selected articles showed that:(1) up to 50% are published by U.S. universities or institutions; (2) up to 44% of the studies considered “community gardens” as the main activity of th…
Physical Activity Interventions and Their Effects on Cognitive Function in People with Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
2021
Background: Physical activity (PA) has emerged as an alternative nonpharmacological approach to effectively address the effects of dementia. The primary aim was to identify and summarize PA interventions and their effects on cognitive function among persons with dementia (PwD). Methods: A systematic review was conducted with a meta-analysis using different electronic databases, such as PubMed, Embase, APA PsycNET, and the Web of Science. The identified and selected studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that were written in English, published between 2000 and 2020, and implemented among PwD who received a PA intervention and whose cognitive function was measured at baseline and du…
Effectiveness of the interventions in preventing the progression of pre-frailty and frailty in older adults: a systematic review protocol
2016
REVIEW QUESTION / OBJECTIVE : The objective of this review is to identify the effectiveness of the interventions in preventing progression of pre-frailty and frailty in older adults. More specifically, the review questions are: - What is the effectiveness of interventions in preventing or reducing frailty in older adults? - How does effectiveness vary with degree of frailty? - Are there factors that influence the effectiveness of interventions? - What is the economic feasibility of interventions for pre-frailty and frailty? INCLUSION CRITERIA : Types of participants This review will consider studies that include older adults (female and male) aged 65 years and over, explicitly identified as…
Association between urinary incontinence and frailty: a systematic review and meta-analysis
2018
Purpose: Urinary incontinence (UI) and frailty are common geriatric syndromes. Although literature increasingly supports a relationship between these two conditions, no systematic review and meta-analysis has been performed on this topic. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the potential association between UI and frailty, through a meta-analytic approach. Methods: A systematic search in major databases was undertaken until 15th March 2018 for studies reporting the association between UI and frailty. The prevalence of UI in people with frailty (vs. those without) was pooled through an odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with a random-effects model. The other outcomes were sum…
Investigation of antihypertensive class, dementia, and cognitive decline: a meta-analysis
2020
ObjectiveHigh blood pressure is one of the main modifiable risk factors for dementia. However, there is conflicting evidence regarding the best antihypertensive class for optimizing cognition. Our objective was to determine whether any particular antihypertensive class was associated with a reduced risk of cognitive decline or dementia using comprehensive meta-analysis including reanalysis of original participant data.MethodsTo identify suitable studies, MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO and preexisting study consortia were searched from inception to December 2017. Authors of prospective longitudinal human studies or trials of antihypertensives were contacted for data sharing and collaboration.…
Policy determinants of physical activity across the life course: a ‘DEDIPAC’ umbrella systematic literature review
2018
Background\ud Despite the large number of studies and reviews available, the evidence regarding the policy determinants of physical activity (PA) is inconclusive. This umbrella systematic literature review (SLR) summarizes the current evidence on the policy determinants of PA across the life course, by pooling the results of the available SLRs and meta-analyses (MAs).\ud \ud Methods\ud A systematic online search was conducted on MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, Scopus and SPORTDiscus databases up to April 2016. SLRs and MAs of observational studies investigating the association between policy determinants of PA and having PA as outcome were considered eligible. The extracted data were assessed …
The Effect of Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet on Late-Life Cognitive Disorders: A Systematic Review
2020
Objectives: Although some results are conflicting, numerous investigations have demonstrated that the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) has positive effects on brain health. This review intends to provide an update on the scientific evidence regarding the effects of adherence to the MedDiet on late-life cognitive disorders. Design: A systematic review was performed. The PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for longitudinal studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between the databases’ inceptions and May 4, 2020. PRISMA guidelines were followed; the quality of the studies was assessed using version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for the RCTs and the Newcastle-Ottawa Sc…