Search results for "TASK"
showing 10 items of 1658 documents
Do transposed-letter similarity effects occur at a prelexical phonological level?
2006
Nonwords created by transposing two letters (e.g., RELOVUTION) are very effective at activating the lexical representation of their base words (Perea & Lupker, 2004). In the present study, we examined whether the nature of transposed-letter (TL) similarity effects was purely orthographic or whether it could also have a phonological component. Specifically, we examined transposed-letter similarity effects for nonwords created by transposing two nonadjacent letters (e.g., relovución– REVOLUCIÓN) in a masked form priming experiment using the lexical decision task (Experiment 1). The controls were (a) a pseudohomophone of the transposed-letter prime ( relobución– REVOLUCIÓN; note that B an…
Decomposing encoding and decisional components in visual-word recognition: a diffusion model analysis.
2014
In a diffusion model, performance as measured by latency and accuracy in two-choice tasks is decomposed into different parameters that can be linked to underlying cognitive processes. Although the diffusion model has been utilized to account for lexical decision data, the effects of stimulus manipulations in previous experiments originated from just one parameter: the quality of the evidence. Here we examined whether the diffusion model can be used to effectively decompose the underlying processes during visual-word recognition. We explore this issue in an experiment that features a lexical manipulation (word frequency) that we expected to affect mostly the quality of the evidence (the dri…
Are better young readers more likely to confuse their mother with their mohter?
2021
One of the most replicated effects in the contemporary word recognition literature is the transposed-letter effect (TL effect): pseudowords created by the transposition of two letters (e.g., MOHTER) are often misread as the real word. This effect ruled out those accounts that assume that letter position is encoded accurately and led to more flexible coding schemes. Here, we examined whether reading skill modulates this effect. The relationship between reading skill and the TL effect magnitude is a contentious issue both empirically and theoretically. The present lexical decision experiment was designed to shed some light on the relationship between reading skill and the TL effect magnitude…
Decision Making Impairment: A Shared Vulnerability in Obesity, Gambling Disorder and Substance Use Disorders?
2016
Introduction Addictions are associated with decision making impairments. The present study explores decision making in Substance use disorder (SUD), Gambling disorder (GD) and Obesity (OB) when assessed by Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and compares them with healthy con- trols (HC). Methods For the aims of this study, 591 participants (194 HC, 178 GD, 113 OB, 106 SUD) were assessed according to DSM criteria, completed a sociodemographi c interview and con- ducted the IGT. Results SUD, GD and OB present impaired decision making when compared to the HC in the over- all task and task learning, however no differences are found for the overall performanc e inthe IGT among the clinical groups. Results…
Does omitting the accent mark in a word affect sentence reading? Evidence from Spanish
2021
Lexical stress in multisyllabic words is consistent in some languages (e.g., first syllable in Finnish), but it is variable in others (e.g., Spanish, English). To help lexical processing in a transparent language like Spanish, scholars have proposed a set of rules specifying which words require an accent mark indicating lexical stress in writing. However, recent word recognition using that lexical decision showed that word identification times were not affected by the omission of a word’s accent mark in Spanish. To examine this question in a paradigm with greater ecological validity, we tested whether omitting the accent mark in a Spanish word had a deleterious effect during silent sentenc…
Honeybee (Apis mellifera) vision can discriminate between and recognise images of human faces.
2005
SUMMARY Recognising individuals using facial cues is an important ability. There is evidence that the mammalian brain may have specialised neural circuitry for face recognition tasks, although some recent work questions these findings. Thus, to understand if recognising human faces does require species-specific neural processing, it is important to know if non-human animals might be able to solve this difficult spatial task. Honeybees (Apis mellifera) were tested to evaluate whether an animal with no evolutionary history for discriminating between humanoid faces may be able to learn this task. Using differential conditioning, individual bees were trained to visit target face stimuli and to …
Subliminal fear priming potentiates negative facial reactions to food pictures in women with anorexia nervosa.
2010
BackgroundTo investigate hedonic reactivity and the influence of unconscious emotional processes on the low sensitivity to positive reinforcement of food in anorexia nervosa (AN).MethodAN and healthy women were exposed to palatable food pictures just after a subliminal exposure to facial expressions (happy, disgust, fear and neutral faces), either while fasting or after a standardized meal (hungerversussatiety). Both implicit [facial electromyographic (EMG) activity from zygomatic and corrugator muscles, skin conductance, heart rate, and videotaped facial behavior] and explicit (self-reported pleasure and desire) measures of affective processes were recorded.ResultsIn contrast to healthy wo…
The Influence of Sports on Cognitive Task Performance – A Critical Overview
2013
The potential effect of different methods on cognitive performance is of great interest to scientific researchers. In addition to drugs, nutrition and sleeping behavior, extensive research has focused on different kinds of sports and exercise and their potential to enhance cognitive task performance. In this chapter, I will give the reader an overview of studies dealing with athletic activities of healthy people and their effects on cognitive task performance. Furthermore, I present and discuss limitations and problems found in these studies. One problem that I point out that makes the comparison of the study results difficult is the heterogeneous study design regarding mode, duration and i…
Overview of the Evalita 2014 SENTIment POLarity Classification Task
2014
International audience; English. The SENTIment POLarity Classification Task (SENTIPOLC), a new shared task in the Evalita evaluation campaign , focused on sentiment classification at the message level on Italian tweets. It included three subtasks: subjectivity classification, polarity classification, and irony detection. SENTIPOLC was the most participated Evalita task with a total of 35 submitted runs from 11 different teams. We present the datasets and the evaluation methodology, and discuss results and participating systems. Italiano. Descriviamo modalit a e risultati della campagna di valutazione di sistemi di sentiment analysis (SENTIment POLarity Classification Task), proposta per la …
The challenge of contemporary society on science education: The case of global warming.
2014
The big problems that contemporary society needs to address (e.g. climate change) challenge our traditional idea of education and require to revise the goals of science education research. Such problems are indeed so complex as to require a wide range of competencies to be engaged in producing and implementing solution strategies. Science education is forced to take into account the many dimensions that characterize contemporary science and to face the task of bringing together the potential of all the different perspectives (Tasquier & Nonni, 2011). An example of this kind of research, concerning environmental problems, will be briefly described and its first encouraging results illustrate…