Search results for "TASK"
showing 10 items of 1658 documents
Intra-individual variability in task performance after cognitive training is associated with long-term outcomes in children
2020
AbstractThe benefits and mechanistic effects of working memory training in children are the subject of much research and debate. The cumulative evidence indicates that training can alter brain structure and function in the short term and have lasting effects on behaviour. We show that five weeks of working memory training led to greater activity in prefrontal and striatal brain regions, better accuracy, and reduced intra-individual variability in response times. The reduction in intra-individual variability can be explained by changes to the evidence accumulation rates and thresholds in a sequential sampling decision model. Critically, intra-individual variability was more closely associate…
User requirements and resource control for cooperative multimedia applications
1997
The spread of distributed multimedia applications is setting forth a new set of challenges in the management of host and network resources for guaranteeing Quality of Service (QoS). When the multimedia applications compete for resources as in the case of a cooperative multimedia environment, the management task becomes even more difficult. In this work, we first discuss QoS for multimedia applications. We then present the architectural and implementation details of a Cooperative Multimedia Environment (CME) made up of Cooperative Multimedia Applications (COMMA), one for each user. A COMMA presents a user with a single interface that allows him to invite other users to a cooperative session,…
Search Interfaces and Learning about Controversial Topics
2019
Search engine results pages (SERPs) are a frequent gateway to Internet content. Prior research has extensively documented strong effects of SERPs (e.g. rank order or the spatial distribution of the results) on users' attention to and selection of particular Web pages [1,2]. In the context of Web search, a common user behavior is the 'top link' or 'Google trust' heuristic, that is, the inspection and selection of only the first few search results presented by the search engine, without evaluating all other search results available. This heuristic behavior allows users to find information in an efficient way, as search engines tend to provide relevant documents on top of the list, especially …
Short-Term Adaptation to Stress and Task-Demands: Covariation of Psychological and Physiological Manifestations
1986
Energetic aspects of adaptation to stress and task demands are reflected in autonomic and somatic nervous system (ANS/SNS) changes (see, eg Lyytinen, 1985). Related psychophysiological individual differences have been illustrated widely in the literature. The reported differences have varied from constitutional ones, like temperament (see, for recent references Nebylitsyn, 1972; Strelau, 1983), via dispositions/traits (Eysenck, 1983) and tonic states (Fahrenberg, Walschburger, Forster, Myrtek and Muller, 1983) to situation-dependent individual differences (eg research on type A; Contrada, Wright and Glass, 1984). The present paper argues that experimential and situational factors are import…
User-oriented evaluation of mechanical single-channel axial pipettes.
2013
Hand tools should be designed so that they are comfortable to use, fit the hand and are user-oriented. Six different manual, single-channel axial pipettes were evaluated for such objective outcomes as muscular activity, wrist postures and efficiency, as well as for subjective outcomes concerning self-assessed features of pipette usability and musculoskeletal strain. Ten experienced laboratory employees volunteered for the study. The results showed that light and short pipettes with better tool comfort resulted in reduced muscular activity and perceived musculoskeletal strain when they were compared with a long and heavy pipette. There were no differences in the efficiency between the differ…
Modelling and prediction of perceptual segmentation
2017
While listening to music, we somehow make sense of a multiplicity of auditory events; for example, in popular music we are often able to recognize whether the current section is a verse or a chorus, and to identify the boundaries between these segments. This organization occurs at multiple levels, since we can discern motifs, phrases, sections and other groupings. In this work, we understand segment boundaries as instants of significant change. Several studies on music perception and cognition have strived to understand what types of changes are associated with perceptual structure. However, effects of musical training, possible differences between real-time and non real-time segmentation, and…
The role of age and emotional valence in word recognition: an ex-gaussian analysis
2015
[Otro] Cie¿om práce je posúdi¿ vplyv veku a emo¿nej valencie na znovupoznávanie slov v rámci ex-Gaussových distribu¿ných komponentov. Dvom vekovým skupinám sme administrovali test znovupoznávania slov, v ktorom sme manipulovali emo¿nou valenciou. U mladších respondentov sa prejavili štatisticky signifikantné rozdiely pri negatívnych slovách v experimentálnej podmienke a v podmienke s distrakciou. U starších respondentov sme v odpove¿ových ¿asoch nezistili jasnú tendenciu. Vzh¿adom na ex-Gaussovský parameter ¿, ktorý sa v literatúre ¿asto spája s nárokmi na pozornos¿, vekovo podmienené rozdiely v emo¿nej valencii nemali žiaden vplyv na negatívne slová. Ak sa zameriame na emo¿nú valenciu v ob…
Toward a virtual reconstruction of an antique three-dimensional marble puzzle
2017
International audience; Abstract | Introduction | Related Work | Acquisition Setup, Proposed Prototype: Calibration and Visibility | Preprocessing of Scanned Three-Dimensional Fragment Data | Processing of Scanned Three-Dimensional Surface Data: Matching | Conclusion and Future Works | Appendices | Acknowledgments | ReferencesAbstract. The reconstruction of broken objects is an important field of research for many applications, such as art restoration, surgery, forensics, and solving puzzles. In archaeology, the reconstruction of broken artifacts is a very time-consuming task due to the handling of fractured objects, which are generally fragile. However, it can now be supported by three-dim…
Hey Teacher, Don’t Leave Them Kids Alone: Action Is Better for Memory than Reading
2017
International audience; There is no consensus on how the enactment effect (EE), although it is robust, enhances memory. Researchers are currently investigating the cognitive processes underlying this effect, mostly during adulthood; the link between EE and crucial function identified in adulthood such as episodic memory and binding process remains elusive. Therefore, this study aims to verify the existence of EE in 6–10 years old and assess cognitive functions potentially linked to this effect in order to shed light on the mechanisms underlying the EE during childhood. Thirty-five children (15 second graders and 20 fifth graders) were included in this study. They encoded 24 action phrases f…
Automatic Timeline Construction and Analysis For Computer Forensics Purposes
2014
International audience; To determine the circumstances of an incident, investigators need to reconstruct events that occurred in the past. The large amount of data spread across the crime scene makes this task very tedious and complex. In particular, the analysis of the reconstructed timeline, due to the huge quantity of events that occurred on a digital system, is almost impossible and leads to cognitive overload. Therefore, it becomes more and more necessary to develop automatic tools to help or even replace investigators in some parts of the investigation. This paper introduces a multi-layered architecture designed to assist the investigative team in the extraction of information left in…