Search results for "TASK"
showing 10 items of 1658 documents
Is VIRTU4L larger than VIR7UAL? Automatic processing of number quantity and lexical representations in leet words.
2015
Recent research has shown that leet words (i.e., words in which some of the letters are replaced by visually similar digits; e.g., VIRTU4L) can be processed as their base words without much cost. However, it remains unclear whether the digits inserted in leet words are simply processed as letters or whether they are simultaneously processed as numbers (i.e., in terms of access to their quantity representation). To address this question, we conducted two experiments that examined the size congruity effect (i.e., when comparisons of the physical size of numbers are affected by their numerical magnitudes) in a physical-size judgment task. Participants were presented with pairs of leet words th…
Task avoidance, number skills and parental learning difficulties as predictors of poor response to instruction.
2011
Altogether 1,285 Finnish children were followed up from the end of kindergarten through Grade 1. All were nonreaders at school entrance. The aim was to delineate predictors of resistance to treatment that are evidenced as little or no reading progress during Grade 1. On the basis of reading achievement in Grade 1 spring, four subgroups were formed. These were fast, average, and slow reading acquisition and slow progress in both reading and math. Kindergarten spring scores in phonological awareness, letter knowledge, rapid naming, and number skills differentiated well among the groups, the latter two being more robust predictors. Task avoidance added to the prediction over and above cogniti…
Cross-lagged relations between teacher and parent ratings of children's task avoidance and different literacy skills.
2017
Background Task avoidance is a significant predictor of literacy skills. However, it remains unclear whether the relation between the two is reciprocal and whether it is affected by the type of literacy outcome, who is rating children's task avoidance, and the children's gender. Aim The purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine the cross-lagged relations between teacher and parent ratings of children's task avoidance and different literacy skills. Sample One hundred and seventy-two Greek children (91 girls, 81 boys) were followed from Grade 1 to Grade 3. Methods Children were assessed on reading accuracy, reading fluency, and spelling to dictation. Parents and teachers rated the chi…
The role of attentional biases to appetitive stimuli in childhood overweight
2018
Overweight during childhood constitutes a high-risk factor for adult obesity. An abnormal attention to food stimuli (i.e., a bias) has been suggested as an underlying mechanism to the onset and/or maintenance of obesity. Previous literature supports the existence of a biased attention toward food stimuli in adults with obesity. However, it is unknown whether this attentional bias occurs in high-risk children for adult obesity. We aimed to examine attentional biases to food at different stages of attention processing in overweight children. A dot-probe task was applied to 25 children with overweight and 25 healthy-weight children (8-12 years old). Attentional preference to or avoidance of pl…
Altered hip control during a standing knee-lift test is associated with increased risk of knee injuries
2020
Few prospective studies have investigated hip and pelvic control as a risk factor for lower extremity (LE) injuries. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether deficits in hip and lumbopelvic control during standing knee lift test are associated with increased risk of acute knee and LE injuries in youth team sports. At baseline, 258 basketball and floorball players (aged 12‒21 y.) participated in a standing knee lift test using 3‐dimensional motion analysis. Two trials per leg were recorded from each participant. Peak sagittal plane pelvic tilt and frontal plane pelvic drop/hike were measured. Both continuous and categorical variables were analysed. New non‐contact LE injuries, an…
Older adults show elevated intermuscular coherence in eyes‐open standing but only young adults increase coherence in response to closing the eyes
2020
New Findings: What is the central question of this study? Can a 14-week strength-training programme modify intermuscular coherence levels during bipedal standing tasks with eyes open and eyes closed and reduce age-related differences? What is the main finding and its importance? Older adults had more prominent common input over 4–14 Hz with eyes open, but during the eyes-closed task the young adults were able to further enhance their common input at 6–36 Hz. This indicates that young adults are better at modulating common input in different motor tasks. Abstract: Understanding neural control of standing balance is important to identify age-related degeneration and design interventions to ma…
The bilateral field advantage effect in memory precision.
2018
Previous research has demonstrated that visual working memory performance is better when visual items are allocated in both left and right visual fields than within only one hemifield. This phenomenon is called the bilateral field advantage (BFA). The BFA is thought to be driven by an enhanced probability of storage, rather than by greater precision. In the present experiments, we sought to test whether the BFA can also extend to precision when the parameters of the task are modified. Using a moderate number of to-be-remembered items and 400 ms presentation time, we found better precision in the bilateral condition than in the unilateral condition. The classic BFA was still found in the for…
Integration of an in-home monitoring system into home care nurses' workflow: A case study.
2019
Abstract Background The healthcare system faces a major challenge in caring for an increasingly ageing population as this task requires more resources than are currently available. Adopting monitoring technologies could enable more efficient care practices and support ageing in place. Objectives To investigate how the use of an in-home motion monitoring system can be integrated into home care nurses’ workflows and to uncover the factors behind system adoption. Design A single case study adopting a qualitative approach. Setting A home care unit serving older adults living in independent living residences within an apartment complex. Method Multiple data collection methods were used including…
Preschool executive control on the Shape School task: Measurement considerations and utility.
2011
Executive functions (EF) necessary for purposeful goal-directed activities undergo rapid change and development during the preschool years. However, of the few psychometrically valid measures of EF suitable for use with preschoolers, information on task sensitivity and predictive validity is scant. The neurodevelopmental correlates of early executive difficulties are also largely unknown. In this study, the discriminant and predictive validity of the recently developed Shape School task (Espy, Bull, Martin, & Stroup, 2006) was examined with data from a regional sample of 209 preschool children at age 4 years. A 2-tiered measurement approach was used, with task completion examined in additio…
Contextual diversity is a main determinant of word identification times in young readers.
2013
Recent research with college-aged skilled readers by Adelman and colleagues revealed that contextual diversity (i.e., the number of contexts in which a word appears) is a more critical determinant of visual word recognition than mere repeated exposure (i.e., word frequency) (Psychological Science, 2006, Vol. 17, pp. 814-823). Given that contextual diversity has been claimed to be a relevant factor to word acquisition in developing readers, the effects of contextual diversity should also be a main determinant of word identification times in developing readers. A lexical decision experiment was conducted to examine the effects of contextual diversity and word frequency in young readers (child…