Search results for "TEST"
showing 10 items of 19001 documents
One year into the pandemic: Short-term evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and emergence of new lineages.
2021
The COVID-19 pandemic was officially declared on March 11th, 2020. Since the very beginning, the spread of the virus has been tracked nearly in real-time by worldwide genome sequencing efforts. As of March 2021, more than 830,000 SARS-CoV-2 genomes have been uploaded in GISAID and this wealth of data allowed researchers to study the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 during this first pandemic year. In parallel, nomenclatures systems, often with poor consistency among each other, have been developed to designate emerging viral lineages. Despite general fears that the virus might mutate to become more virulent or transmissible, SARS-CoV-2 genetic diversity has remained relatively low during the first ~…
Whole-genome characterization of Shewanella algae strain SYT3 isolated from seawater reveals insight into hemolysis.
2018
Aim: To describe the genomic characteristics of seawater-borne hemolytic Shewanella algae and its resistance genes. Materials & methods: Whole genome sequence of S. algae SYT3 was determined using llumina MiSeq platform. Multiple-database-based analysis was performed to identify the genetic background of its hemolytic activity and the antibiotic resistance genes. Results: S. algae SYT3 possesses a homolog of the hly operon involved in the synthesis of hemolysin. We also identified candidate genes associated with resistance to β-lactam antibiotics (bla OXA-55) and fluoroquinolone (qnrA3). Conclusion: The study provides an insight into the hemolytic activity of S. algae. Our findings als…
Early adjustment of empirical antibiotic therapy of bloodstream infections on the basis of direct identification of bacteria by matrix-assisted laser…
2020
Abstract Introduction To assess the potential added value of rapid MALDI-TOF MS-based identification of bacteria in positive blood cultures to the information provided by Gram staining for adequate empirical antibiotic treatment adjustments in patients with bloodstream infections (BSI). Methods We conducted a retrospective, single-center, pre-post quasi-experimental study. In the pre-MALDI-TOF MS phase of the study antibiotic adjustments were made on the basis of Gram stain results, whereas in the MALDI-TOF MS phase they were based on information provided by Gram staining and MALDI-TOF MS results. No antimicrobial stewardship program for BSI was in place within the study period. Antibiotic …
Functional Redundancy-Induced Stability of Gut Microbiota Subjected to Disturbance.
2016
The microbiota should be considered as just another component of the human epigenetic landscape. Thus, health is also a reflection of the diversity and composition of gut microbiota and its metabolic status. In defining host health, it remains unclear whether diversity is paramount, or whether greater weight is held by gut microbiota composition or mono- or multiple-functional capacity of the different taxa and the mechanisms involved. A network-biology approach may shed light on the key gut players acting to protect against, or promote, disorders or diseases. This could be achieved by integrating data on total and active species, proteins and molecules, and their association with host resp…
Symbiont Acquisition and Replacement as a Source of Ecological Innovation
2017
Nutritional symbionts play a major role in the ecology and evolution of insects. The recent accumulation of knowledge on the identity, function, genomics, and phylogenetic relationships of insect-bacteria symbioses provides the opportunity to assess the effects of symbiont acquisitions and replacements on the shift into novel ecological niches and subsequent lineage diversification. The megadiverse insect order Hemiptera presents a particularly large diversity of symbiotic associations that has frequently undergone shifts in symbiont localization and identity, which have contributed to the exploitation of nutritionally imbalanced diets such as plant saps or vertebrate blood. Here we review …
Development of a database for the rapid and accurate routine identification of Achromobacter species by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-t…
2019
International audience; Objectives: Achromobacter spp. are emerging pathogens in respiratory samples from cystic fibrosis patients. The current reference methods (nrdA-sequencing or multilocus sequence typing) can identify 18 species which are often misidentified by conventional techniques as A. xylosoxidans. A few studies have suggested that matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) provides accurate identification of the genus but not of species. The aims of this study were (a) to generate a database for MALDI-TOF/MS Bruker including the 18 species, (b) to evaluate the suitability of the database for routine laboratory identification, and …
Dosing of caspofungin based on a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic index for the treatment of invasive fungal infections in critically ill patients on …
2017
Abstract Introduction The study objective was to evaluate the efficacy of different dosages of caspofungin in the treatment of invasive candidiasis and aspergillosis, in relation to the probability of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) target attainment, using modelling and Monte Carlo simulations in critically ill adult patients on continuous haemodiafiltration. Methods Critically ill adult patients on continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration treated with caspofungin were analysed. A population PK model was developed. Four caspofungin dosing regimens were simulated: the licensed regimen, 70 mg/day, 100 mg/day or 200 mg/day. A PK/PD target was defined as the ratio between the area unde…
No effect of vancomycin MIC ≥ 1.5 mg/L on treatment outcome in methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia
2018
International audience; The vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) has been shown to affect the outcome of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteraemia. In this study, the outcomes of patients with MSSA bacteraemia with a vancomycin MIC ≥ 1.5 mg/L were assessed. A prospective cohort of patients with MSSA bacteraemia in two tertiary-care hospitals was collected. The vancomycin MIC was determined by Etest. Staphylococcus aureus strains were categorised as low (<1.5 mg/L) or high (≥1.5 mg/L) vancomycin MIC. First- and second-line treatments were recorded and classified as optimal, appropriate and inappropriate. The primary endpoint was 30-day mortality. A total o…
Probiotic yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus CIDCA 8154 shows anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress properties in in vivo models.
2015
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are complex affections with increasing incidence worldwide. Multiple factors are involved in the development and maintenance of the symptoms including enhanced oxidative stress in intestinal mucosa. The conventional therapeutic approaches for IBDs are based on the use anti-inflammatory drugs with important collateral effects and partial efficacy. In the present work we tested the anti-inflammatory capacity of Kluyveromyces marxianus CIDCA 8154 in different models. In vitro, we showed that the pretreatment of epithelial cells with the yeast reduce the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, in a murine model of trinitro benzene sulfon…
Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial resistance in Spain: a prospective multicentre study.
2021
Abstract Objectives Gonococcal infection is one of the most reported sexually transmitted infections and antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) is challenging for the treatment of this infection. This observational study aimed to describe antimicrobial resistance of NG and epidemiological data from patients with gonococcal infection in eight regions of Spain, for updating the local therapeutic guidelines. Methods MICs of penicillin, cefixime, ceftriaxone, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, fosfomycin and gentamicin were determined by Etest for all NG isolates recovered from 1 April 2018 to 30 September 2019 from 10 hospitals in Spain. Resistance determinants were identified using …