Search results for "TOBACCO USE"
showing 10 items of 65 documents
Socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent smoking across 35 countries: A multilevel analysis of the role of family, school and peers
2015
BACKGROUND: Tobacco-related heath inequalities are a major public health concern, with smoking being more prevalent among lower socioeconomic groups. The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanisms leading to socioeconomic inequalities in smoking among 15-year-old adolescents by examining the mediating role of psychosocial factors in the peer group, family and school environment.METHODS: Data were derived from the international WHO-collaborative 'Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC)' study 2005/2006, including 52 907 15-year-old students from 35 European and North American countries. Socioeconomic position was measured by the Family Affluence Scale. Multilevel logistic reg…
Effects of a Brief Web-Based "Social Norms"-Intervention on Alcohol, Tobacco and Cannabis Use Among German University Students: Results of a Cluster-…
2021
Background and Aim: “Social norms” (SN)-interventions are aimed at changing existing misperceptions regarding peer substance use by providing feedback on actual norms, thereby affecting personal substance use. It is unknown whether SN-intervention effects previously demonstrated in US students can be replicated in German students. The aim of the INSIST-study was to examine the effects of a web-based SN-intervention on substance use.Design: Cluster-controlled trial.Setting: Eight Universities in Germany.Participants and Measurements: Students were recruited at four intervention vs. four delayed intervention control Universities. 4,463 students completed baseline, 1,255 students (59% female) …
Dopamine-related genes and spontaneous smoking cessation in ever-heavy smokers
2011
Several studies have provided evidence for associations of polymorphisms located in and near dopamine-related genes and nicotine dependence and other smoking-related phenotypes, including pharmacogenetic interactions. Aim: The purpose of the present work was to examine the association of SNPs in the DOPA decarboxylase (DDC), dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) and dopamine transporter (SLC6A3) genes with smoking cessation in a large retrospective study featuring approximately 900 cessation events. Materials & methods: Data originated from the enrollment questionnaire of the epidemiological ESTHER study of community-dwelling adults aged 50–74 years, conducted in the German state of Saarland bet…
Tobacco-related cardiovascular risk in women: New issues and therapeutic perspectives
2021
Smoking is the main modifiable risk factor for stroke and myocardial infarction, particularly in women; its prevalence in France is evolving, and new patterns of nicotine consumption have emerged.To present contemporary data on smoking prevalence and the use of electronic cigarettes, and to describe current knowledge of the cardiovascular risk specificities and the effectiveness of withdrawal methods in women.We identified studies by searching the MEDLINE bibliographic database between 1995 and 2020, and the Weekly Epidemiological Bulletin (Bulletin Épidémiologique Hebdomadaire) published by the French health authorities.In recent years, smoking prevalence among French women has decreased o…
Relapse prevention in alcoholics by cigarette smoking? Involvement of nicotinic-dopaminergic mechanisms.
2001
Because of a controversial view on the role of smoking in the recovery process of alcoholism, outcome data obtained for alcoholics who had been included in a long-term clinical trial with a putative anticraving drug were analyzed. To avoid unknown interactions between the drug under study and smoking behavior, only placebo-treated patients were evaluated in this investigation. After 12 months of rehabilitation, there was no significant difference regarding abstinence rate between 48 smoking alcoholics (who reported that they smoked 32 cigarettes on average per day) and 15 nonsmoking alcoholics (33% vs. 20%). However, smokers tended to be abstinent longer than nonsmokers (173 vs. 114 days; P…
Oral cancer trends in a single head-and-neck cancer center in the Netherlands; decline in T-stage at the time of admission
2011
OBJECTIVES:In this study we evaluated the possible epidemiologic changes of oral cancer patients in the Netherlands between the years 1980-1984 and 2000-2004. We specifically studied the differences in male-female ratio, age, TNM-stage, site distribution, and alcohol and tobacco use.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Patients from the VU University Medical Center with an oral squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity registered in 1980-1984 (n=200), group 1, were compared to patients registered in 2000-2004 (n=184), group 2. Trends in prevalence, site distribution, TNM-stage, alcohol and tobacco use, age and gender were studied.RESULTS:The male-female ratio has decreased from 1.8 to 1.2. There were no …
Early-onset tobacco use and suicide-related behavior – A prospective study from adolescence to young adulthood
2018
Abstract Background Developmental relationships between tobacco use and suicide-related behaviors (SRB) remain unclear. Our objective was to investigate the longitudinal associations of tobacco use in adolescence and SRB in adulthood. Methods Using a prospective design, we examined whether tobacco use in adolescence is associated with SRB (intentional self-injury, suicide ideation) in young adulthood in a population-based sample of 1330 twins (626 males, 704 females). The baseline and follow-up data were collected by professionally administered semi-structured poly-diagnostic interviews at ages 14 and 22, respectively. Results After adjusting for multiple potential confounders, those who re…
Starting and Maintaining Smoking: A Qualitative Study of Tobacco Use in High School Students
2020
Shared genetic risk between eating disorder- and substance-use-related phenotypes: Evidence from genome-wide association studies
2020
AbstractEating disorders and substance use disorders frequently co-occur. Twin studies reveal shared genetic variance between liabilities to eating disorders and substance use, with the strongest associations between symptoms of bulimia nervosa (BN) and problem alcohol use (genetic correlation [rg], twin-based=0.23-0.53). We estimated the genetic correlation between eating disorder and substance use and disorder phenotypes using data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Four eating disorder phenotypes (anorexia nervosa [AN], AN with binge-eating, AN without binge-eating, and a BN factor score), and eight substance-use-related phenotypes (drinks per week, alcohol use disorder [AUD], …
Enriched Environments for Rodents and their Interaction with Nicotine Administration
2012
An active lifestyle throughout the life cycle seems to delay cognitive aging and dementia and has also been evaluated as an intervention against addiction to cocaine and other drugs of abuse. In epidemiological studies with humans, it has proved difficult to separate the cognitive, social and physical components from other variables that influence lifestyle. Studies in animal models are useful for evaluating the impact of each of these factors and for uncovering the underlying mechanisms of the benefits of complex environments. Preclinical studies have employed the Environmental Enrichment paradigm (EE) which has been proposed as a preclinical model of positive life experiences in humans. E…