Search results for "TOXICITY"

Aquatic pollution may favor the success of the invasive species A. franciscana

2015

The genus Artemia consists of several bisexual and parthenogenetic sibling species. One of them, A. franciscana, originally restricted to the New World, becomes invasive when introduced into ecosystems out of its natural range of distribution. Invasiveness is anthropically favored by the use of cryptobiotic eggs in the aquaculture and pet trade. The mechanisms of out-competition of the autochthonous Artemia by the invader are still poorly understood. Ecological fitness may play a pivotal role, but other underlying biotic and abiotic factors may contribute. Since the presence of toxicants in hypersaline aquatic ecosystems has been documented, our aim here is to study the potential role of an…

A lytic mechanism based on soluble phospholypases A2 (sPLA2) and b-galactoside specific lectins is exerted by Ciona intestinalis (ascidian) unilocula…

2011

Abstract Hemocytes from the ascidian Ciona intestinalis exert in vitro Ca 2+ -dependent cytotoxic activity toward mammalian erythrocytes and K562 cells. To examine the lytic mechanism, hemocyte populations were separated (B1–B6 bands) through a Percoll discontinuous density gradient, the hemocyte cytotoxic activity (HCA) and the lytic activity of the hemocyte lysate supernatant (HLS) were assayed. In addition the separated hemocytes were cultured and the cell-free culture medium (CFM) assayed after 3 h culture. Results support that unilocular refractile hemocytes (URGs), enriched in B5, are cytotoxic. The B5-HLS contains lysins and the activity of B5-CFM shows that lysins can be released in…

Mitomycininduziertes hämolytisch-urämisches Syndrom

2003

HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS A 58-year-old patient suffered from rapidly progressing renal insufficiency and 11 kg weight-loss three months after adjuvant treatment of a carcinoma of the lower bowel (G 2 T 3 N 1 M 0 ) with mitomycine C. At the point of hospitalisation the patient was anuric while suffering from pulmonary oedema, hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. INVESTIGATIONS Computed tomography and bronchial endoscopy showed pulmonary haemorrhage. Recurrence of carcinoma or metastases were excluded. Renal biopsy revealed mesangiolysis and concentric intimaproliferation (onion skinning). Beside haemolytic anaemia and fragmentocytes toxic damage of the bone marrow was found. TREATMENT…

Comparative cytotoxic study of silica materials functionalised with essential oil components in HepG2 cells

2020

[EN] This work evaluated the cytotoxic effect of different EOCs-functionalised silica particle types. The in vitro toxicity of eugenol and vanillin-immobilised SAS, MCM-41 microparticles and MCM-41 nanoparticles was evaluated on HepG2 cells, and compared to free EOCs and pristine materials. The results revealed that free essential oil components and bare silica had a mild cytotoxic effect on HepG2 cells. However, the comparative study showed that free eugenol and vanillin had a milder cytotoxic effect than the equivalent concentrations of immobilised components on the different silica particles, while differences in cell viability between the bare and functionalised particles relied on the …

Cellular cytotoxicity against the human hepatoma cell line PLC/PRF/5 in patients with hepatitis B virus-induced chronic active hepatitis (CAH) and no…

2008

The New Era of Hepatitis C

2017

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the leading cause of end-stage liver disease in both Europe and the United States and is the most common reason for liver transplant. In the absence of antiviral therapy, recurrent infection is the norm with subsequent graft hepatitis and impaired survival. Whether it may be better to postpone therapy in patients in whom higher risk of failure and toxicity is coupled with lower chance of liver function improvement likely depends on several factors, including waiting time, center allocation policy, presence of hepatocellular carcinoma and local prevalence of anti-HCV-positive donors.

The human liver fatty acid binding protein (FABP1) gene is activated by FOXA1 and PPARα; and repressed by C/EBPα: Implications in FABP1 down-regulati…

2013

Liver fatty acid binding protein (FABP1) prevents lipotoxicity of free fatty acids and regulates fatty acid trafficking and partition. Our objective is to investigate the transcription factors controlling the human FABP1 gene and their regulation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Adenovirus-mediated expression of multiple transcription factors in HepG2 cells and cultured human hepatocytes demonstrated that FOXA1 and PPARα are among the most effective activators of human FABP1, whereas C/EBPα is a major dominant repressor. Moreover, FOXA1 and PPARα induced re-distribution of FABP1 protein and increased cytoplasmic expression. Reporter assays demonstrated that the major basal activ…

A patient with acute hepatitis C and possible IFN toxicity

2003

Medikamentu un uztura bagātinātāju izraisītu aknu bojājumu pacientu klīnisko datu analīze

2018

Medikamentu izraisīti aknu bojājumi (DILI) ir reti sastopama medikamentu vai augu un uztura bagātinātāju produktu blakne. Vairākos pētījumos pierādīts gadījumu skaita pieaugums pēdējo gadu desmitu laikā un nesamērīgi liels ar augu un uztura bagātinātāju produktiem saistīto gadījumu skaita pieaugums. Lai gan DILI ir ļoti reti, tas ir viens no galvenajiem akūtas aknu mazspējas (ALF) cēloņiem. Patoģenēze nav pilnībā skaidra un pagaidām nav pieejami specifiski diagnostikas marķieri. Šie faktori kopā ar lielu skaitu etioloģisko aspektu un dažādām izpausmēm apgrūtina DILI diagnostiku. Šī pētījuma mērķis bija noteikt demogrāfiskās un klīniskās īpatnības, izplatītākās cēloņsakarības Latvijā, iegūto…

Comparison of effects on crustaceans: carbon nanoparticles and molybdenum compounds nanowires

2013

Carbon nanomaterials (CNM) and molybdenum compound nanostructures are materials with various applications yet little is known regarding the toxicity of these nanoparticles in pristine form in aquatic environment. Daphnia magna standard acute toxicity test (EN ISO 6341:1996; freshwater) and Artemia salina standard acute toxicity test (ArtoxKit standard method; 15 ppt saltwater) were applied to assess the toxicity of non-modified CNM and molybdenum compound nanowires in water. It has been observed that CNM are more toxic in freshwater suspensions and somewhat more toxic than the tested molybdenum compound nanowires.