Search results for "TOXICITY"
showing 10 items of 2261 documents
N-Valproyl-L-Phenylalanine as new potential antiepileptic drug: Synthesis, characterization and in vitro studies on stability, toxicity and anticonvu…
2013
Valproic acid (VPA) is considered first-line drug in treatment of generalized idiopathic seizures such as absence, generalized tonic-clonic and myoclonic seizures. Among major antiepileptic drugs, VPA is also considered effective in childhood epilepsies and infantile spasms. Due to its broad activity, VPA acts as a mood stabilizer in bipolar disorder and it is useful in migraine prophylaxis. Despite its long-standing usage, severe reactions to VPA, such as liver toxicity and teratogenicity, are reported. To circumvent side effects due to structural characteristics of VPA, we synthesized in good yield a new VPA-aminoacid conjugate, the N-valproyl-L-Phenylalanine, and characterized by FT-IR, …
Impaired oral absorption of methylphenidate after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
2017
The anatomic and physiologic changes in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract after bariatric surgery may significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of medications taken by the patients for various reasons. Unfortunately, there is little information regarding changes in drug absorption after bariatric surgeries, limiting the ability of medical professionals to produce clear recommendations on what changes should be made to the formulations and dosing regimens of drugs after bariatric surgery. In this article, we report and analyze a case of 52-year-old male patient with morbid obesity and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who experienced lack of methylphenidate efficacy after Roux en…
Developmental and Reproductive Effects of Low Cadmium Concentration onArtemiaparthenogenetica
2003
Hatching, reproductive, and lifespan characteristics of an Artemia parthenogenetica population from La Mata (Alicante, Spain) exposed to cadmium were studied. No effects on percentage of cyst hatched nor time of hatching were observed on cysts exposed from 0.01 to 5 mg Cd/L. Cohorts of Artemia were chronically exposed to cadmium in life-table experiments to test whether ecologically relevant impacts may occur after several generations of exposure to a very low concentration of cadmium. Chronic toxicity tests were performed using neonates of a third generation of shrimps exposed to 0.08 mg Cd/L (1/1000 of the LOEC for 24 h acute toxicity test). No significant reduction in the intrinsic rate …
Phenotyping normal kidney function in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional multicentre study
2018
AimsType 2 diabetes (T2D) accelerates the decline in glomerular function; however, some individuals do not develop chronic kidney disease despite advanced age and long-lasting T2D. We aimed to phenotype patients with T2D aged 80years or older who presented with a fully preserved kidney function.MethodsFrom an Italian population of 281,217 T2D outpatients, we collected data on demographics, anthropometrics, diabetes duration, HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, lipids, liver enzymes, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), albumin excretion rate (AER), chronic complications, and medication use. We primarily compared patients with a fully preserved kidney function (eGFR>90ml/min/1.73m(2) and …
Transcriptional profiling of rat hypothalamus response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-ρ-dioxin
2015
In some mammals, halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon (HAH) exposure causes wasting syndrome, defined as significant weight loss associated with lethal outcomes. The most potent HAH in causing wasting is 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-r-dioxin (TCDD), which exerts its toxic effects through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Since TCDD toxicity is thought to predominantly arise from dysregulation of AHR-transcribed genes, it was hypothesized that wasting syndrome is a result of to TCDD-induced dysregulation of genes involved in regulation of food-intake. As the hypothalamus is the central nervous systems' regulatory center for food-intake and energy balance. Therefore, mRNA abundances in hypothala…
The palliative-supportive care unit in a comprehensive cancer center as crossroad for patients' oncological pathway
2016
Aim The aim of this study was to assess how an admission to an acute palliative-supportive care unit (APSCU), may influence the therapeutic trajectory of advanced cancer patients. Methods A consecutive sample of advanced cancer patients admitted to APCU was assessed. The following parameters were collected: patients demographics, including age, gender, primary diagnosis, marital status, and educational level, performance status and reasons for and kind of admission, data about care-givers, recent anticancer treatments, being on/off treatment or uncertain, the previous care setting, who proposed the admission to APSCU. Physical and psychological symptoms were evaluated at admission and at ti…
Fullerenes(nC60) affect the growth and development of the sediment-dwelling invertebrate Chironomus riparius larvae
2015
Abstract The possible toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) to aquatic organisms needs to be investigated for chronic effects at low concentrations. Chronic effects of carbon NPs, fullerenesC60, on the midges of Chironomus riparius at different life stages on larvae and adult midges were investigated. Sediment associated fullerenesC60 were studied by 10-day growth and 42-day emergence tests with artificial sediment at nominal concentration ranges 0.0004–80 mg/kg dry weight. The body length decreased in the lower tested concentrations (0.0025–20 mg/kg), but the effect vanished with higher concentrations. Delayed emergence rate observed at 0.5 mg/kg. The observed effects correlated with analyzed se…
PanCareLIFE
2018
Aims: Survival after cancer diagnosed during childhood or adolescence continues to improve with new treatments and supportive therapies. Optimal long-term care requires that risks to vulnerable organs are clearly defined and translated into guidelines that are implemented into practice. PanCareLIFE is a pan-European consortium that addresses survivorship issues comprising fertility, hearing impairment and quality of life. This article describes the scientific basis of PanCareLIFE's studies.Methods: PanCareLIFE involves 17 partner institutions from eight European countries, with additional 11 data providers from five other countries. Study designs and methods include molecular genetic, cohor…
Cross-species transcriptomic analysis elucidates constitutive aryl hydrocarbon receptor activity
2014
Background Research on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) has largely focused on variations in toxic outcomes resulting from its activation by halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons. But the AHR also plays key roles in regulating pathways critical for development, and after decades of research the mechanisms underlying physiological regulation by the AHR remain poorly characterized. Previous studies identified several core genes that respond to xenobiotic AHR ligands across a broad range of species and tissues. However, only limited inferences have been made regarding its role in regulating constitutive gene activity, i.e. in the absence of exogenous ligands. To address this, we profiled transc…
In vivo genotoxicity of selected herbicides in the mouse bone-marrow micronucleus test
1997
The herbicides alachlor, atrazine, terbuthylazine, gluphosinate-ammonium, isoproturon, pendimethaline and trifluralin were tested for genotoxicity in the mouse bone-marrow micronucleus test (MNT). Both atrazine and trifluraline caused a significant increase in the number of micronuclei at doses of 1,400 mg/kg body weight in female mice only. Alachlor, terbuthylazine, gluphosinate-ammonium, isoproturon and pendimethaline did not have any genotoxic effect in the mouse bone-marrow micronucleus test in either female or male animals.