Search results for "TOXICITY"

Increase in Bcl-2 phosphorylation and reduced levels of BH3-only Bcl-2 family proteins in kainic acid-mediated neuronal death in the rat brain.

2003

Kainic acid induces excitotoxicity and nerve cell degeneration in vulnerable regions of rat brain, most markedly in hippocampus and amygdala. Part of the cell death following kainic acid is apoptotic as shown by caspase 3 activation and chromatin condensation. Here we have studied the regulation of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins belonging to the Bcl-2 family in rat hippocampus and amygdala by kainic acid in relationship to ensuing neuronal death. The pro-apoptotic protein Bax was up-regulated in hippocampus 6 h after kainic acid administration. The increase in Bax was followed by the appearance of TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labelling-positive cells which were prominent at 24 h. Immunohist…

Acute and subchronic toxicity of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) in male rat. I. Light microscopy and tissue concentrations of MCPA.

1977

Glyphosate-based herbicides are toxic and endocrine disruptors in human cell lines.

2009

International audience; Glyphosate-based herbicides are the most widely used across the world; they are commercialized in different formulations. Their residues are frequent pollutants in the environment. In addition, these herbicides are spread on most eaten transgenic plants, modified to tolerate high levels of these compounds in their cells. Up to 400 ppm of their residues are accepted in some feed. We exposed human liver HepG2 cells, a well-known model to study xenobiotic toxicity, to four different formulations and to glyphosate, which is usually tested alone in chronic in vivo regulatory studies. We measured cytotoxicity with three assays (Alamar Blue (R), MTT ToxiLight (R)), plus gen…

Local Delivery of Nimodipine by Prolonged-Release Microparticles—Feasibility, Effectiveness and Dose-Finding in Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

2012

Background and purposeTo investigate the effect of locally applied nimodipine prolonged-release microparticles on angiographic vasospasm and secondary brain injury after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).Methods70 male Wistar rats were categorized into three groups: 1) sham operated animals (control), 2) animals with SAH only (control) and the 3) treatment group. SAH was induced using the double hemorrhage model. The treatment group received different concentrations (20%, 30% or 40%) of nimodipine microparticles. Angiographic vasospasm was assessed 5 days later using digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Histological analysis of frozen sections was performed using H&E-staining as …

Combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and vincristine in the treatment of stage III-IV small-cell lung cancer.

1989

SummaryTwenty patients with histologically confirmed small-cell lung cancer were treated with cyclophosphamide 1000 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1, vincristine 1.4 mg/m2 i.v. day 1, and adriamycin 50 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1. This protocol was repeated every 21 days. Out of 17 evaluable patients 2 obtained a complete response (12%) with a mean duration of 11 months, 4 patients achieved a partial response with a mean duration of 6.3 + months, and 1 had a minimal response of 7.2 months. Two patients had a stabilization which lasted a mean of 4 + months, while 8 patients progressed. Although the mean survival was higher in responders than in non-responders, the difference in survival time was not statisticall…

Modulation of aflatoxin B1 carcinogenicity, genotoxicity and metabolism in rat liver by dietary carotenoids: evidence for a protective effect of CYP1…

1997

The effects of several carotenoids of vitamin A and of 3-methylcholanthrene have been tested on the initiation of hepatocarcinogenesis by aflatoxin B1, using the sequential protocol of Solt and Farber. AFB1-induced DNA single-strand breaks and AFB1-metabolism were also assessed. The P4501A inducer carotenoids (canthaxanthin, astaxanthin, beta-apo-8'-carotenal) and 3-methylcholanthrene reduce the carcinogenicity of AFB1, divert AFB1-metabolism into the less genotoxic aflatoxin M1 and reduce AFB1-induced DNA single-strand breaks: we conclude that these carotenoids exert their protective effect through the deviation of AFB1 metabolism towards detoxification pathways. beta-Carotene decreased AF…

Effect of refeeding diets containing cottonseed flour with traces of gossypol on rat liver and testis

1991

The aim of the present work was to show that cottonseed flour introduced into rehabilitation diets is not nutritionally harmful. The cottonseed flour obtained from glandless seeds contains traces of gossypol. As gossypol is known to have pathological hepatic and testicular actions, the effects on hepatic variables and on the histological appearance of liver and testis of diets containing cottonseed flour were compared with those without cottonseed flour. Seventy growing male Wistar rats were divided into two groups. The control group (C) received a balanced diet (200 g casein+3 g methionine/kg) for 78 d and the experimental group was fed on a low-protein diet (20 g casein+3 g methionine/kg)…

A multi-generational study on low-dose BPA exposure in Wistar rats: Effects on maternal behavior, flavor intake and development

2012

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a common endocrine disruptor found as an environmental and food contaminant. It exerts both developmental and behavioral effects, mainly when exposure occurs in early life. The aim of this study was to determine the multi-generational effects of chronic, human-relevant low-dose exposure to BPA on development, maternal behavior and flavor preference in Wistar rats. BPA was orally administered at a daily dose of 5 mu g/kg body weight to FO pregnant dams from the first day of gestation (GD 1) until the last day of lactation (LD 21), and then to Fl offspring from weaning (PND 21) to adulthood (PND 100). F2 offspring were not exposed. Development and clinical signs of toxici…

Effectiveness of dolutegravir-based regimens as either first-line or switch antiretroviral therapy: data from the Icona cohort

2019

Introduction: Concerns about dolutegravir (DTG) tolerability in the real-life setting have recently arisen. We aimed to estimate the risk of treatment discontinuation and virological failure of DTG-based regimens from a large cohort of HIV-infected individuals. Methods: We performed a multicentre, observational study including all antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve and virologically suppressed treatment-experienced (TE) patients from the Icona (Italian Cohort Naïve Antiretrovirals) cohort who started, for the first time, a DTG-based regimen from January 2015 to December 2017. We estimated the cumulative risk of DTG discontinuation regardless of the reason and for toxicity, and of virologica…

Acute hepatotoxicity of the polycyclic musk 7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphtaline (AHTN).

2000

Synthetic musks are present in fine fragrances, cosmetics, soaps and laundry detergents. One of the most important synthetic musks is 7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-naphthaline+ ++ (AHTN; annual production: about 1500 metric tons). An increasing number of studies show that AHTN accumulates in surface water and fish and can be detected in human adipose tissue, as well in human milk. In the present report it is shown that a single high dose of AHTN leads to acute hepatic damage in rats, characterized by single cell necrosis, inflammation, swelling of liver parenchymal cells, and the presence of cytoplasmic condensations in the hepatocytes, while at the ultrastructural leve…