Search results for "TOXICOLOGY"
showing 10 items of 4114 documents
Unexpected increases in rotifer resting egg abundances during the period of contamination of Lake Orta
2016
<p>Despite their ecological importance and rapid response to environmental changes, rotifers are rarely included in palaeolimnological studies. Here, we describe changes in abundance (ABD) and morphotype (MTs) diversity of rotifer resting eggs in the sediments of deep subalpine Lake Orta, Italy, covering a period prior to (pre-) 1926, during long-term ammonia and metal pollution from a rayon factory, and subsequent recovery of water quality. Following the pollution and bacterial oxidation of the ammonia, Lake Orta became the largest and deepest acid lake in Europe. Recovery of water quality followed both a ban on the discharge of industrial wastes, and a liming intervention in 1989 an…
Trophic transfer of pesticides: The fine line between predator–prey regulation and pesticide–pest regulation
2020
International audience; Understanding pesticide impacts on populations of target/non-target species and communities is a challenge to applied ecology. When predators that otherwise regulate pest densities ingest prey contaminated with pesticides, this can suppress predator populations by secondary poisoning. It is, however, unknown how species relationships and protocols of treatments (e.g. anticoagulant rodenticide [AR]) interact to affect pest regulation.To tackle this issue, we modelled a heuristic non-spatialized system including montane water voles, specialist vole predators (stoats, weasels) and a generalist predator (red fox) which consumes voles, mustelids and other prey. By carryin…
Reducing the effect of beauvericin on neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line by natural products
2020
Abstract In the present work, different natural compounds from coffee by-product extracts (coffee silverskin and spent coffee) rich in polyphenols, was investigated against beauvericin (BEA) induced-cytotoxicity on SH-SY5Y cells. Spent coffee arise as waste products through the production of instant coffee and coffee brewing; while the silverskin is a tegument which is removed and eliminated with toasting coffee grains. First of all, polyphenol extraction methods, measurement of total polyphenols content and its identification were carried out. Afterwards evaluating in vitro effects with MTT assay on SH-SY5Y cells of coffee by-product extracts and mycotoxins at different concentrations and …
Evaluation and comparison of trace metal accumulation in different tissues of potential bioindicator organisms: Macrobenthic filter feedersStyela pli…
2016
Trace metal concentrations were measured in different tissues of Sabella spallanzanii, Styela plicata, and Mytilus galloprovincialis collected in the Termini Imerese Harbor (Sicily, Italy) to evaluate the potential use of these species as bioindicators. Higher bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) were calculated in the tube of S. spallanzanii, except for As, which had a higher BAF in the branchial crown of the same species. Regarding the other species analyzed, higher BAFs were found in the digestive gland of M. galloprovincialis. An exception was Pb, which was significantly more concentrated in the branchial basket and tunic of S. plicata. The BAFs calculated in the present study show that all t…
Silver Nanoparticles Affect Functional Bioenergetic Traits in the Invasive Red Sea Mussel Brachidontes pharaonis
2016
We investigated the functional trait responses to 5 nm metallic silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) exposure in the Lessepsian-entry bivalveB. pharaonis. Respiration rate (oxygen consumption), heartbeat rate, and absorption efficiency were evaluated across an 8-day exposure period in mesocosmal conditions. Basal reference values from not-exposed specimens were statistically compared with those obtained from animals treated with three sublethal nanoparticle concentrations (2 μg L−1, 20 μg L−1, and 40 μg L−1). Our data showed statistically significant effects on the average respiration rate ofB. pharaonis. Moreover, complex nonlinear dynamics were observed as a function of the concentration level and…
Annual post-market environmental monitoring (PMEM) report on the cultivation of genetically modified maize MON 810 in 2014 from Monsanto Europe S.A.
2016
Requestor: European CommissionQuestion number: EFSA-Q-2015-00650; Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms of the European Food Safety Authority (GMO Panel) assessed the annual post-market environmental monitoring (PMEM) report for the 2014 growing season of maize MON 810 provided by Monsanto Europe S.A. The GMO Panel concludes that the insect resistance monitoring data do not indicate a decrease in susceptibility of field Iberian populations of corn borers to the Cry1Ab protein over the 2014 season. However, as the methodology for insect resistance monitoring remained unchanged compared to previous PMEM reports, the GMO Panel reiterates …
Photoreceptors and respiratory electron flow involvement in the activity of acifluorfen-methyl and LS 82-556 on nonchlorophyllous soybean cells
1987
Abstract The diphenyl ether acifluorfen-methyl [AFM; methyl 5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoate] and the pyridine derivative LS 82-556 [( S )-3- N -(methylbenzyl)carbamoyl-5-propionyl-2,6-lutidine] induce light-dependent polyunsaturated fatty acid peroxidation, leading to general membrane disruption. Although devoid of functional chloroplasts, cultured soybean cells are sensitive to AFM and LS 82-556 only in the light. The possible involvement of carotenoids and respiratory electron flow was examined by monitoring ethane evolution, fluorescein release, and dry weight/fresh weight ratio alteration. Herbicide effects on cells exposed to white light or blue light (380–540 n…
New Acyclic Cytotoxic Jasplakinolide Derivative from the Marine Sponge Jaspis splendens
2019
A new acylic jasplakinolide congener (2), another acyclic derivative requiring revision (4), together with two jasplakinolide derivatives including the parent compound jasplakinolide (1) were isolated from the Indonesian marine sponge Jaspis splendens. The chemical structures of the new and known compounds were unambiguously elucidated based on HRESIMS and exhaustive 1D and 2D NMR spectral analysis as well as a comparison of their NMR data with those of jasplakinolide (1). The isolated jasplakinolides inhibited the growth of mouse lymphoma (L5178Y) cells in vitro with IC50 values in the low micromolar to nanomolar range.
Sucrose amendment enhances phytoaccumulation of the herbicide atrazine in Arabidopsis thaliana.
2006
International audience; Growth in the presence of sucrose was shown to confer to Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress or mustard weed) seedlings, under conditions of in vitro culture, a high level of tolerance to the herbicide atrazine and to other photosynthesis inhibitors. This tolerance was associated with root-to-shoot transfer and accumulation of atrazine in shoots, which resulted in significant decrease of herbicide levels in the growth medium. In soil microcosms, application of exogenous sucrose was found to confer tolerance and capacity to accumulate atrazine in Arabidopsis thaliana plants grown on atrazine-contaminated soil, and resulted in enhanced decontamination of the soil. Applic…
Trace element storage capacity of sediments in deadPosidonia oceanicamat from a chronically contaminated marine ecosystem
2016
Posidonia oceanica mat is considered a long-term bioindicator of contamination. Storage and sequestration of trace elements and organic carbon (Corg) were assessed in dead P. oceanica mat and bare sediments from a highly polluted coastal marine area (Augusta Bay, central Mediterranean). Sediment elemental composition and sources of organic matter have been altered since the 1950s. Dead P. oceanica mat displayed a greater ability to bury and store trace elements and Corg than nearby bare sediments, acting as a long-term contaminant sink over the past 120?yr. Trace elements, probably associated with the mineral fraction, were stabilized and trapped despite die-off of the overlying P. oceanica…