Search results for "TRADE"
showing 10 items of 1475 documents
A statistical approach for calibrating a microsimulation model for freeways
2014
In this paper the calibration of a traffic microsimulation model based on speed-density relationships is presented. Hypothesis test was applied in the calibration process to measure the closeness between empirical data and simulation outputs and determine whether the difference between (observed and simulated) speed-density relationships was statistically significant. Statistical regressions between the variables of traffic flow were developed by using traffic data observed at the A22 Brenner Freeway, Italy. Similar relationships were obtained for a test freeway segment in uncongested conditions of traffic flow by using the Aimsun microscopic simulator; thus on field conditions were reprodu…
A Logic Fuzzy Model for Evaluation of the Railway Station’s Practice Capacity in Safety Operating Conditions
2013
Abstract The practice capacity of a railway junction depends, in addition to the effective operation’s conditions, by the potential risk factors related to the design plan of the railway station. With the aim of an approach based on the “fuzzy sets” it is possible to determine the numeric value of the practice capacity by the logic - qualitative relations between the features of the railway junction and the potential risk factors. This methodology permits to try out the absolute value of a suitable vector β, (less then the unit) for the utilization of the theoretic capacity in conditions of maximum reliability of the system related to the aspect of safety (technique “fail safe”).
Tecniche esecutive e controllo di qualità dei lavori in terra-calce
2010
Sebbene si tratti di una tecnica largamente sperimentata da diversi anni, ormai, e sviluppata per impieghi differenti che vanno dalla realizzazione di rilevati (stradali, ferroviari ed aeroportuali) alla formazione di strati di sottofondazione ed anche di fondazione delle pavimentazioni, la stabilizzazione con calce (o con calce e cemento), per essere applicata secondo le attuali regole dell’arte, richiede: · conoscenze tecniche comprovate negli studi di progetto delle miscele e nell’adeguamento della composizione delle stesse, in corso d’opera, in relazione alla variabilità dei fattori di cantiere (contenuto naturale d’acqua dei terreni, condizioni climatiche, dispersioni di dosaggio); · m…
Making conservation sustainable under unfavourable conditions : the case of Chimanimani National Reserve, Mozambique
2019
Based on a case study from the Chimanimani National Reserve in Mozambique, this article analyses to what extent different types of operational practices can contribute to the sustainability of protected areas in relatively unfavourable external conditions. While current conservation policies highlight community participation and market-based approaches, the same “best practices” are not equally valid under different conditions. Where unfavourable natural conditions, lack of infrastructure, difficult access and political instability limit the potential for upmarket ecotourism, actors should focus on community empowerment, diversification of livelihoods, and building joint conservation ideolo…
IS THERE A CONTINENTAL BIAS IN TRADE?
2011
The relationship between geography and trade is a central topic in international economics. This paper investigates the potential existence of a continental bias in world trade flows on a sample of 182 countries over the period 1990-2006. Using traditional estimation techniques and recent developments in the econometric analysis of the gravity equation, we find robust evidence of an economically significant continental bias in trade. It implies that, other things equal, countries located on the same continent trade more with each other than countries located on different continents. A continent-by-continent analysis reveals that Oceania, America, Europe and Asia are behind this result. Afri…
The migration–tourism nexus in the EU28
2020
This study explores the nexus between tourism and migration on an intra-European scale over the period 2000–2015. Complex-network analysis and gravity models were the investigation methods preferred. For each year under study, we built two country-to-country networks to map and reveal the connections between states as shaped by migration stocks and tourism flows, respectively. Then, the main determinants of the correlation patterns between the two networks were investigated by several econometric analysis. Results point to a quite similar topological structure for the tourism and migration networks as well as to a significant and reciprocal direct influence between tourism and migration mo…
Examining the impact of visa restrictions on international tourist flows using panel data: Un análisis con datos de panel
2016
Using newly panel data on visa restrictions for the years 2000 and 2010 in a theory-grounded gravity model, we find a robust, causal negative impact of visa restrictions on international tourist flows. By destination, the detrimental impact of this type of barrier is observed for tourists going to developing countries (with the exception of East and South Asia), but not for those to developed ones. By country of origin of tourists, the impact of visa restrictions appears to be the same for tourists coming from developed and developing countries. These findings have important consequences in policy terms for tourism management at a regional level.
Relevance of trade facilitation in emerging countries exports
2012
The objective of this article is to analyse trade flows in emerging nations with a maritime boundary, where trade facilitation plays a decisive role in their international development. In order to detect possible patterns in performance, we apply the economic approach of gravity models using the World Bank Logistic Performance Index (LPI) as a good proxy of trade facilitation. The results of the estimation lead to the conclusion that the more complex the transportation of goods is, the more influential the logistics indicator, trade facilitation being most prominent in Middle East exporters.
The internationalisation of the Spanish food industry: the home market effect and European market integration
2015
<p>The objective of this study was to analyse, from a long-term perspective, the factors determining the process of the internationalisation of the Spanish agrifood industry. The paper concentrates on the empirical verification of the existence of a home market effect in the food and drink industries in Spain and on the effects on trade flows of integration into the European Union. With this aim in mind, we took into account the latest contributions to the estimation of the gravity equation for a sample of export flows from 13 agrifood subsectors between 1970 and 2012, with a destination of 175 markets. From the results of the study the existence of the “home market effect” stands out…
Currency unions and trade : what is the impact of the euro on trade in the euro area?
2012
The aim of this study is to estimate the effect of the euro on trade within the euro area. This has been a relevant question for European politicians ever since the launch of the common currency was agreed on in the Maastricht Treaty in 1992. To analyse the topic the gravity model of international trade augmented with several dummy variables is employed using panel data of 29 developed countries between 1995 and 2010. The estimated aggregate trade effect on the euro zone reaches 10 % in the most preferred regression and is comparable with earlier estimates. However, there is considerable variation in the results when different sample sizes are used. This could be a sign of omitted variable …