Search results for "TRENDS"
showing 10 items of 207 documents
Nano- and microplastic analysis: Focus on their occurrence in freshwater ecosystems and remediation technologies
2019
Plastic pollution is a global problem since 2016 when its production reached 322 million tonnes, excluding fibers. Daily discharges of microplastics (MPs, defined as <5 mm in size) are estimated in the range of 50,000 up to 15 million particles, whereas no information on nanoplastic (NP, <100 nm) release is available yet. Different processes further degraded these materials producing more MPs and NPs. This review attempts to fill the void of information on the state-of-art analysis of MPs and NPs (recently identified as emerging contaminants) and provides a critical overview on modern instrumentation, newly developed workflows, and promising techniques for their characterization (Raman and …
Reconfigurations in sustainability transitions : a systematic and critical review
2021
Two streams of literature have become especially prominent in understanding social change toward sustainability within the past decades: the research on socio-technical transitions and applications of social practice theory. The aim of this article is to contribute to efforts to create dialogue between these two approaches. We do this by focusing on the concept of reconfiguration, which has become a much-used, but poorly defined notion in the discussion on sustainability transitions. To understand what is defined as reconfiguration in systems and practices, and how the understanding of reconfiguration in regimes could benefit from insights about reconfiguration in practices, we conducted a …
Predictions of the public agenda from television coverage
1994
This study develops a methodology to show how German TV news in 1986 could be used to predict time trends in the public agenda for energy supply, health care, and other topics. A major influence in that year was the Chernobyl accident in the former Soviet Union. The direct result was an increase in agenda concern for energy supply. The findings showed how coverage of that incident and other issues exerted a combined influence on the public agenda.
Performance and Age of the Fastest Female and Male 100-km Ultramarathoners Worldwide From 1960 to 2012
2015
International audience; The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the change in 100-km running performance and in the age of peak performance for 100-km ultramarathoners. Age and running speed of the annual fastest women and men in all 100-km ultramarathons held worldwide between 1960 and 2012 were analyzed in 148,017 finishes with 18,998 women and 129,019 men using single, multivariate, and nonlinear regressions. Running speed of the annual fastest men increased from 8.67 to 15.65 km.h(-1) and from 8.06 to 13.22 km.h(-1) for the annual fastest women. For the annual 10 fastest men, running speed increased from 10.23 ± 1.22 to 15.05 ± 0.29 km.h(-1) (p < 0.0001) and for the…
Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countr…
2015
Summary Background The Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) aims to bring together all available epidemiological data using a coherent measurement framework, standardised estimation methods, and transparent data sources to enable comparisons of health loss over time and across causes, age–sex groups, and countries. The GBD can be used to generate summary measures such as disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and healthy life expectancy (HALE) that make possible comparative assessments of broad epidemiological patterns across countries and time. These summary measures can also be used to quantify the component of variation in epidemiology that is related to sociodemographic develo…
Eight-year trends in food, energy and macronutrient intake in a sample of elderly German subjects.
2005
Time trends in the food and the corresponding energy and macronutrient intake between 1994 and 2002 are investigated as part of the longitudinal study on nutrition and health status in an ageing population in Giessen, Germany (GISELA study). The dietary intake is assessed via a 3 d estimated dietary record especially developed and validated for this study. A total of 2135 records from 532 subjects, aged 60 years and over, are analysed separately according to sex and age groups (born 1904–1928 and born 1929–1942). Results show that the food, energy and macronutrient intake of the GISELA subjects stayed fairly stable over the study period. However, some significant changes in the consumption …
On the time trends among school-aged children in the Nordic countries
2020
Abstract Long-term trends in mental health of school-aged children can be analysed in the HBSC study. In Sweden the proportion of the children that report at least two weekly health complaints during the last six months has increased from the first data collection 1985/1985 to the latest 2017/2018 among all age groups for both girls and boys. Among the 11-year-old it reached 41 % among girls and 30 % boys, and among 15-year-old girls 62 % and boys 35 %. Can we trust this? The prevalence of two or more weekly health complaints showed large differences by country over time and especially in 2014, when Iceland and Sweden showed an almost 10%-point larger prevalence of multiple weekly symptoms …
Participation and performance trends in multistage ultramarathons—the ‘Marathon des Sables’ 2003–2012
2012
Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to investigate participation and performance changes in the multistage ultramarathon ‘Marathon des Sables’ from 2003 to 2012. Methods Participation and performance trends in the four- or six-stage running event covering approximately 250 km were analyzed with special emphasis on the nationality and age of the athletes. The relations between gender, age, and nationality of finishers and performance were investigated using regression analyses and analysis of variance. Results Between 2003 and 2012, a number of 7,275 athletes with 938 women (12.9%) and 6,337 men (87.1%) finished the Marathon des Sables. The finisher rate in both women (r 2 = 0.…
Trends in excellent self-rated health among adolescents: A comparative Nordic study
2019
Abstract Background: Excellent self-rated health (SRH) can be seen as an important component of positive health among adolescents. The aim of this paper is to examine time trends of excellent health among adolescents in five Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden) between 2002 and 2014, including differences between countries, gender and age. Methods: Nordic data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey (including 11-, 13- and 15-year-olds) from 2002 (n = 19,009), 2006 (n = 29,656), 2010 (n = 33,232) and 2014 (n = 31,540) were analysed by design-adjusted binomial logistic regression models. Results: The trend analysis of excellent SRH for Nordi…
Veränderung von Inzidenz und Mortalität von Kopf-Hals-Malignomen in Rheinland-Pfalz, 2000–2009
2014
Hintergrund: Epidemiologische Daten zu Kopf-Hals-Malignomen werden trotz ihrer anatomisch-histologischen Heterogenitat oft aggregiert berichtet. In Deutschland gibt es bisher nur wenige Studien, die Trends von Inzidenz und Mortalitat detailliert nach Tumorentitaten analysiert haben. Weiterhin ist wenig daruber bekannt, ob die Inzidenz von HPV-assoziierten Tumorentitaten der Kopf-Hals-Region zugenommen hat. Methoden: Anhand von Krebsregisterdaten aus Rheinland-Pfalz von 2000–2009 wurden altersstandardisierte Inzidenz- und Mortalitatsraten fur alle Kopf-Hals-Tumorentitaten einzeln und nach Lokalisationsgruppen, die HPV-assoziiert sein konnten, berechnet. Zeitliche Trends wurden mittels Joinpo…