Search results for "TRIF"
showing 10 items of 1419 documents
Mapping spatial patterns of denitrifiers for bridging community ecology and microbial processes along environmental gradients
2009
International audience; While there is ample evidence that microbial processes can exhibit large variations at a field scale, very little is known about the spatial distribution of the communities mediating these processes. The objective of this study was to explore spatial patterns of size and activity of the denitrifying community, a functional guild involved in N-cycling, in a grassland field subjected to different cattle grazing regimes. We used geostatistical modeling to map the distribution of size and activity of the denitrifier community in the pasture. Size of the denitrifier community was estimated by PCR quantification of the denitrification gene copy numbers while its activity w…
Loss in microbial diversity affects nitrogen cycling in soil
2013
International audience; Microbial communities have a central role in ecosystem processes by driving the Earth's biogeochemical cycles. However, the importance of microbial diversity for ecosystem functioning is still debated. Here, we experimentally manipulated the soil microbial community using a dilution approach to analyze the functional consequences of diversity loss. A trait-centered approach was embraced using the denitrifiers as model guild due to their role in nitrogen cycling, a major ecosystem service. How various diversity metrics related to richness, eveness and phylogenetic diversity of the soil denitrifier community were affected by the removal experiment was assessed by 454 s…
Bridging microbial community ecology and nitrogen cycling in soil
2011
Pas de résumé
Mapping spatial patterns of denitrifiers for bridging community ecology and microbial processes along environmental gradients
2009
While there is ample evidence that microbial processes can exhibit large variations at a field scale, very little is known about the spatial distribution of the communities mediating these processes. The objective of this study was to explore spatial patterns of size and activity of the denitrifying community, a functional guild involved in N-cycling, in a grassland field subjected to different cattle grazing regimes. We used geostatistical modeling to map the distribution of size and activity of the denitrifier community in the pasture. Size of the denitrifier community was estimated by PCR quantification of the denitrification gene copy numbers while its activity was estimated by measurin…
Connaître les sols français pour mieux les gérer
2012
National audience
Ecology of N2O reducing bacteria in arable soils
2016
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas (GHG) and the main ozone depleting substance. Agricultural soils are the main anthropogenic-induced source of this GHG. The concentration of N2O in the atmosphere is steadily increasing, but we still lack knowledge on the factors controlling its production and consumption in soils. The reduction of N2O to N2 by microorganisms harboring the N2O reductase gene (nosZ) is the only known biological process able to consume this GHG. Recent studies revealed a previously unknown clade of N2O-reducers which was shown to be important to the N2O sink capacity of soils. This thesis seeks to gain a greater understanding on the ecology of N2O-reducers in…
Optimizing Hough transform for fertilizer spreading optical control
2006
International audience; In Europe, centrifugal spreading is a widely used method for agricultural soil fertilization. In this broadcasting method, fertilizer particles fall onto a spinning disk, are accelerated by a vane, and afterward are ejected into the field. To predict and control the spread pattern, a low-cost, embeddable technology adapted to farm implements must be developed. We focus on obtaining the velocity and the direction of fertilizer granules when they begin their flight by means of a simple imaging system. We first show that the outlet angle of the vane is a bounded value and that its measurement provides the outlet velocity of the particle. Consequently, a simple camera un…
Laboratory kinetics of soil denitrification are useful to discriminate soils with potentially high levels of N2O emission on the field scale
2001
Les emissions de N 2 O, gaz a effet de serre, ont ete mesurees au cours d'essais au champ, sur des sols cultives dont un Rendzic Leptosol, un Eutric Leptosol, un Haplic Calcisol, un Haplic Luvisol et deux Gleyic Luvisols, et sur des sols cultives et en prairie, dont un Haplic Fluvisol et deux Gleyic Cambisols. En parallele, les cinetiques de production et de consommation de N 2 O au cours de la denitrification ont ete etudiees au laboratoire sur des suspensions de sol, au cours d'incubations anaerobies avec apport de NO 3 - et de N 2 O, en presence et en absence d'acetylene. Les sols qui emettent le plus de N 2 O « in situ », c'est-a-dire les Gleyic Luvisols cultives et les sols de prairie,…
N-cycling: Bridging microbial community ecology and terrestrial ecosystem functioning
2013
Communication orale invitée, résuméEAEcolDur; Microbial communities have a central role in ecosystem processes by driving the Earth's biogeochemical cycles.
Impact of fertilization and direct seeding on activity and abundance of key denitrifier communities in a tropical soil
2007
Affiche, résumé; The aim of this work was to investigate to which extent different practices impacted on the bacterial communities involved in N2O emission.