Search results for "TRIGLYCERIDE"

showing 10 items of 444 documents

Reduced VLDL clearance in ApoeNpc1 mice is associated with increased Pcsk9 and Idol expression and decreased hepatic LDL-receptor levels

2010

Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC1) promotes the transport of LDL receptor (LDL-R)-derived cholesterol from late endosomes/lysosomes to other cellular compartments. NPC1-deficient cells showed impaired regulation of liver_X receptor (LXR) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) target genes. We observed that Apoe(-/-)Npc1(-/-) mice displayed a marked increase in total plasma cholesterol mainly due to increased VLDL, reflecting decreased clearance. Although nuclear SREBP-2 and Ldlr mRNA levels were increased in Apoe(-/-)Npc1(-/-) liver, LDL-R protein levels were decreased in association with marked induction of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (Pcsk9) and inducible degrade…

Apolipoprotein EreceptorCholesterol VLDLLDL/metabolismMacrophages Peritoneal/cytologyBiochemistryMiceEndocrinologyhemic and lymphatic diseasesReceptorsOrphan Nuclear Receptors/geneticspolycyclic compoundsnuclear receptorCells CulturedResearch ArticlesLiver X ReceptorsMice KnockoutCulturedSterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2/geneticslipoproteinSerine EndopeptidasesIntracellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsLamin Type AOrphan Nuclear ReceptorsTriglycerides/bloodCholesterolLiverProteins/geneticsKexinlipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)Proprotein ConvertasesProprotein Convertase 9Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1Niemann-Pick diseaseSterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2medicine.medical_specialtyCellsKnockoutUbiquitin-Protein LigasesReceptors LDL/metabolismSerine Endopeptidases/geneticsQD415-436BiologyCholesterol/blooddigestive systemApolipoproteins ELiver/physiologySterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1/geneticsNiemann-Pick C1 ProteinInternal medicinemedicineAnimalsPeritoneal/cytologyCholesterol VLDL/metabolismUbiquitin-Protein Ligases/geneticsLiver X receptorTriglyceridesMacrophagesPCSK9Proteinsnutritional and metabolic diseasesVLDL/metabolismLamin Type A/metabolismCell BiologySterol regulatory element-binding proteinEndocrinologyReceptors LDLLDL receptorMacrophages PeritonealSterol regulatory element-binding protein 2atherosclerosisApolipoproteins E/geneticsLipoproteinJournal of Lipid Research
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Isolation and characterization of a complement-activating lipid extracted from human atherosclerotic lesions.

1990

The major characteristics of human atherosclerotic lesions are similar to those of a chronic inflammatory reaction, namely fibrosis, mesenchymal cell proliferation, the presence of resident macrophages, and cell necrosis. Atherosclerosis exhibits in addition the feature of lipid (mainly cholesterol) accumulation. The results of the present report demonstrate that a specific cholesterol-containing lipid particle present in human atherosclerotic lesions activates the complement system to completion. Thus, lipid could represent a stimulatory factor for the inflammatory reaction, whose underlying mechanistic basis may be, at least in part, complement activation. The complement-activating lipid …

ArteriosclerosisComplement Pathway AlternativeImmunologyInflammationMuscle Smooth VascularC5-convertasechemistry.chemical_compoundMesenchymal cell proliferationmedicineHumansImmunology and AllergyComplement ActivationImmunoelectrophoresisAortaTriglyceridesCholesterolFatty AcidsComplement System ProteinsArticlesLipidsComplement systemCarotid ArteriesCholesterolchemistryBiochemistryLow-density lipoproteinChromatography GelAlternative complement pathwaylipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)Lipid particlemedicine.symptomJournal of Experimental Medicine
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Immunopathogenesis of atherosclerosis: endotoxin accelerates atherosclerosis in rabbits on hypercholesterolemic diet.

2001

Background—On the basis of our concept that atherosclerosis has an immunopathological background, we tested whether activation of the innate immune system influences its progression.Methods and Results—Hypercholesterolemic (0.5% wt/wt diet) rabbits received either repeated intravenous injections of endotoxin (Escherichia colilipopolysaccharide 1.25 to 2.5 μg, once per week) or a self-limiting cutaneousStaphylococcus aureusinfection with or without a quinolone antibiotic. Measured laboratory parameters, including LDL and HDL cholesterols, were similar in the different groups of hypercholesterolemic animals. All endotoxin-treated animals developed transient episodes of fever after endotoxin a…

ArteriosclerosisInnate immunologyHypercholesterolemiaTriglycerides bloodPathogenesisCholesterol Dietarychemistry.chemical_compoundImmunityPhysiology (medical)MedicineAnimalsAortaTriglyceridesInnate immune systemCholesterolbusiness.industryDisease progressionCholesterol HDLCholesterol LDLImmunity InnateCholesterol bloodEndotoxinsDisease Models AnimalCholesterolchemistryImmunologyDisease ProgressionDiet AtherogenicFemaleStaphylococcal Skin InfectionsRabbitsCardiology and Cardiovascular MedicinebusinessCirculation
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Pharmacological blockade of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) alters neural proliferation, apoptosis and gliosis in the rat hippocampus, hypothal…

2015

Endocannabinoids participate in the control of neurogenesis, neural cell death and gliosis. The pharmacological effect of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor URB597, which limits the endocannabinoid degradation, was investigated in the present study. Cell proliferation (phospho-H3(+) or BrdU(+) cells) of the main adult neurogenic zones as well as apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3(+)), astroglia (GFAP(+)), and microglia (Iba1(+) cells) were analyzed in the hippocampus, hypothalamus and striatum of rats intraperitoneally treated with URB597 (0.3 mg/kg/day) at one dose/4-days resting or 5 doses (1 dose/day). Repeated URB597 treatment increased the plasma levels of the N-acylethanolamine…

AstrocitosNeurobiologia del desenvolupamentAmidohidrolasasCannabinoid receptorCarbamatos:Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids Peptides and Proteins::Proteins::Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins::Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins::Caspases [Medical Subject Headings]:Phenomena and Processes::Cell Physiological Phenomena::Cell Physiological Processes::Cell Differentiation::Neurogenesis [Medical Subject Headings]medicine.medical_treatment:Chemicals and Drugs::Carbohydrates::Monosaccharides::Hexoses::Glucose [Medical Subject Headings]Apoptosis:Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Body Constitution::Body Weights and Measures::Body Size::Body Weight [Medical Subject Headings]chemistry.chemical_compound:Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids Peptides and Proteins::Proteins::Membrane Proteins::Receptors Cell Surface::Receptors G-Protein-Coupled::Receptors Cannabinoid::Receptor Cannabinoid CB1 [Medical Subject Headings]0302 clinical medicine:Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Carboxylic Acids::Acids Acyclic::Carbamates [Medical Subject Headings]Fatty acid amide hydrolaseReceptor cannabinoide CB1:Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals [Medical Subject Headings]FAAHGliosishealth care economics and organizations:Chemicals and Drugs::Nucleic Acids Nucleotides and Nucleosides::Nucleosides::Deoxyribonucleosides::Deoxyuridine::Bromodeoxyuridine [Medical Subject Headings]:Chemicals and Drugs::Lipids::Glycerides::Triglycerides [Medical Subject Headings]Original Research0303 health sciencesNeurogenesisBenzamidas:Chemicals and Drugs::Polycyclic Compounds::Steroids::Cholestanes::Cholestenes::Cholesterol [Medical Subject Headings]Endocannabinoid systemEtanolaminas3. Good healthEndocannabinoides:Chemicals and Drugs::Lipids::Fatty Acids::Fatty Acids Unsaturated::Fatty Acids Monounsaturated::Oleic Acids [Medical Subject Headings]CannabinoidesMicroglíalipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)medicine.symptomColesterol:Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Hydrocarbons::Terpenes::Cannabinoids [Medical Subject Headings]:Chemicals and Drugs::Lipids::Fatty Acids::Palmitic Acids [Medical Subject Headings]psychological phenomena and processesProliferación celularmedicine.medical_specialtyCerebroNeurogenesiseducationBiologyBromodesoxiuridina:Anatomy::Nervous System::Neuroglia::Microglia [Medical Subject Headings]Triglicéridoslcsh:RC321-571Ácidos oléicosRatas03 medical and health sciencesCellular and Molecular NeuroscienceInternal medicineHipocampomedicineCaspasa 3:Anatomy::Nervous System::Central Nervous System::Brain::Limbic System::Hippocampus [Medical Subject Headings]:Phenomena and Processes::Cell Physiological Phenomena::Cell Physiological Processes::Cell Growth Processes::Cell Proliferation [Medical Subject Headings]lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry030304 developmental biologyPalmitoylethanolamide:Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action::Neurotransmitter Agents::Endocannabinoids [Medical Subject Headings]:Chemicals and Drugs::Enzymes and Coenzymes::Enzymes::Hydrolases::Amidohydrolases [Medical Subject Headings]Cannabinoids:Anatomy::Cells::Neuroglia::Astrocytes [Medical Subject Headings]Peso corporalEnergy metabolism:Anatomy::Nervous System::Central Nervous System::Brain [Medical Subject Headings]:Anatomy::Nervous System::Central Nervous System::Brain::Limbic System::Hypothalamus [Medical Subject Headings]URB597:Phenomena and Processes::Cell Physiological Phenomena::Cell Physiological Processes::Cell Death [Medical Subject Headings]:Diseases::Pathological Conditions Signs and Symptoms::Pathologic Processes::Gliosis [Medical Subject Headings]:Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Amines::Amino Alcohols::Ethanolamines [Medical Subject Headings]Muerte celular:Phenomena and Processes::Cell Physiological Phenomena::Cell Physiological Processes::Cell Death::Apoptosis [Medical Subject Headings]:Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Rodentia::Muridae::Murinae::Rats [Medical Subject Headings]EndocrinologyURB597chemistryGliosisnervous systemGlucosaCannabinoidEnergy Metabolism:Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Amides::Benzamides [Medical Subject Headings]HipotálamoÁcidos palmíticos030217 neurology & neurosurgeryNeuroscienceFrontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
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Biotechnology of Rhodococcus for the production of valuable compounds

2020

Abstract Bacteria belonging to Rhodococcus genus represent ideal candidates for microbial biotechnology applications because of their metabolic versatility, ability to degrade a wide range of organic compounds, and resistance to various stress conditions, such as metal toxicity, desiccation, and high concentration of organic solvents. Rhodococcus spp. strains have also peculiar biosynthetic activities that contribute to their strong persistence in harsh and contaminated environments and provide them a competitive advantage over other microorganisms. This review is focused on the metabolic features of Rhodococcus genus and their potential use in biotechnology strategies for the production o…

BioconversionSiderophoreBioflocculantsBioconversionMicroorganismBiosynthesiIndustrial WasteSiderophoresBiosynthesisApplied Microbiology and BiotechnologyRhodococcus Antimicrobials Bioflocculants Biosynthesis Bioconversion Biosurfactants Carotenoids Lipids Metal-based nanostructures SiderophoresBioproductsRhodococcusTriglyceridesCarotenoidHigh concentrationbiologyAntimicrobialsChemistrybusiness.industryMetal-based nanostructureBiosurfactantBioflocculantGeneral MedicineMini-ReviewLipidbiology.organism_classificationCarotenoidsLipidsRefuse DisposalBiotechnologyBiosurfactantsbacteriaAntimicrobialbusinessRhodococcusMetal-based nanostructuresBacteriaRhodococcuBiotechnologyWaste disposalApplied Microbiology and Biotechnology
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Modified locally weighted—Partial least squares regression improving clinical predictions from infrared spectra of human serum samples

2012

Locally weighted partial least squares regression (LW-PLSR) has been applied to the determination of four clinical parameters in human serum samples (total protein, triglyceride, glucose and urea contents) by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Classical LW-PLSR models were constructed using different spectral regions. For the selection of parameters by LW-PLSR modeling, a multi-parametric study was carried out employing the minimum root-mean square error of cross validation (RMSCV) as objective function. In order to overcome the effect of strong matrix interferences on the predictive accuracy of LW-PLSR models, this work focuses on sample selection. Accordingly, a novel strateg…

Blood GlucoseAnalyteChemistryBlood ProteinsCross-validationAnalytical ChemistryChemometricsMatrix (chemical analysis)symbols.namesakeFourier transformSpectroscopy Fourier Transform InfraredPartial least squares regressionPrincipal component analysisStatisticssymbolsHumansUreaLeast-Squares AnalysisFourier transform infrared spectroscopyBiological systemTriglyceridesTalanta
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Association Between Carotid Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Syndrome: Results From the ISMIR Study

2010

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) has previously been associated with an early marker of atherosclerosis, the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). From the ISMIR (Ispessimento Medio Intimale e Rischio cardiovascolare [media-intima thickness and cardiovascular risk]) study population of 479 asymptomatic participants, we identified 80 participants with MetS. Carotid IMT and plaques were evaluated by ultrasonography. Blood samples were obtained from all participants. Participants with MetS had a significantly higher prevalence of a carotid IMT > 0.80 mm (P = .004) and of carotid plaques (P < .001) as compared with participants without MetS. Carotid IMT was significantly correlated with fas…

Blood GlucoseCarotid Artery DiseasesMalemedicine.medical_specialtycarotid intima-media thickness; carotid plaques; fibrinogen; metabolic syndrome; triglyceridescarotid intima-media thicknessFibrinogenAsymptomaticchemistry.chemical_compoundRisk FactorsInternal medicinemedicineHumanscardiovascular diseasesTriglyceridesAgedMetabolic SyndromeCreatinineVascular diseasebusiness.industrycarotid plaquesFibrinogenMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseUric AcidCross-Sectional Studiesmedicine.anatomical_structureEndocrinologyItalychemistryCreatininecardiovascular systemCardiologyUric acidPopulation studyFemalemedicine.symptomMetabolic syndromeTunica IntimaTunica MediaCardiology and Cardiovascular Medicinebusinessmedicine.drugArteryAngiology
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Influence of dietary fat and carbohydrates proportions on plasma lipids, glucose control and low-grade inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes—…

2015

Purpose: The optimal macronutrient composition of the diet for the management of type 2 diabetes is debated, particularly with regard to the ideal proportion of fat and carbohydrates. The aim of the study was to explore the association of different proportions of fat and carbohydrates of the diet—within the ranges recommended by different guidelines—with metabolic risk factors. Methods: We studied 1785 people with type 2 diabetes, aged 50–75, enrolled in the TOSCA.IT Study. Dietary habits were assessed using a validated food-frequency questionnaire (EPIC). Anthropometry, fasting lipids, HbA1c and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured. Results: Increasing fat intake from <25 to ≥35 % is …

Blood GlucoseDietary FiberMale0301 basic medicineGlycated Hemoglobin AGlucose controlMedicine (miscellaneous)Type 2 diabetesSettore MED/13 - Endocrinologia0302 clinical medicineRisk FactorsSurveys and QuestionnairesDietary fatfat plsam lipids low-grade inflammationNutritional guidelinesNutrition and DieteticsbiologyType 2 diabetesMiddle AgedHDL-cholesterolCholesterolC-Reactive ProteinCarbohydrates diet fat Glucose control HDL-cholesterol Nutritional guidelines Triglycerides Type 2 diabetesCarbohydrates; Diet; Fat; Glucose control; HDL-cholesterol; Nutritional guidelines; Triglycerides; Type 2 diabetesFemaleDietary ProteinsType 2Dietary Carbohydratesmedicine.medical_specialtyHDLCarbohydrates030209 endocrinology & metabolismLDL03 medical and health sciencesInternal medicineGlucose controlPlasma lipidsDiabetes MellitusDietary CarbohydratesmedicineHumansIn patientCarbohydrates; Diet; Fat; Glucose control; HDL-cholesterol; Nutritional guidelines; Triglycerides; Type 2 diabetes; Medicine (miscellaneous); Nutrition and DieteticsTriglyceridesAgedGlycated HemoglobinInflammation030109 nutrition & dieteticsbusiness.industryCholesterol HDLC-reactive proteinCholesterol LDLAnthropometrymedicine.diseaseDietary FatsDietEndocrinologyDiabetes Mellitus Type 2Fatbiology.proteinDiet · Carbohydrates · Fat · Glucose control · HDL-cholesterol · Triglycerides · Type 2 diabetes · Nutritional guidelinesCarbohydrates; Diet; Fat; Glucose control; HDL-cholesterol; Nutritional guidelines; Triglycerides; Type 2 diabetes; Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Cholesterol HDL; Cholesterol LDL; Diabetes Mellitus Type 2; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Fats; Dietary Fiber; Dietary Proteins; Energy Intake; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin A; Humans; Inflammation; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires; TriglyceridesEnergy IntakebusinessEuropean Journal of Nutrition
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Chronic exposure of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induces an obesogenic effect in C57BL/6J mice fed a high fat diet

2017

IF 3.582; International audience; Contaminant involvement in the pathophysiology of obesity is widely recognized. It has been shown that low dose and chronic exposure to endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs) potentiated diet- induced obesity. High and acute exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a persistent organic pollutant (POP) and an EDC with anti-estrogenic property, causes wasting syndrome . However at lower doses, the TCDD metabolic effects remain poorly understood. We investigated the obesogenic effect during chronic exposure of TCDD at 1μg/kg body weight (bw)/week in adult C57BL/6J mice fed with a high fat diet (HFD) and exposed from 10 to 42 weeks old to TCDD or e…

Blood GlucoseLeptinMale0301 basic medicineTCDDPolychlorinated DibenzodioxinsTime FactorsAdipose tissue010501 environmental sciencesToxicology01 natural sciencesBasic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription FactorsInsulinAdiposity2. Zero hunger[ SDV.MHEP.EM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism[SDV.MHEP.EM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism3. Good healthLiverEndocrine disruptorReceptors AndrogenCytokinesEnvironmental PollutantsFemaleInflammation Mediatorsmedicine.symptomStearoyl-CoA Desaturasemedicine.medical_specialtyLipolysisInflammationchronic exposureIntra-Abdominal FatDiet High-FatRisk Assessment03 medical and health sciencesSex FactorsobesogenInternal medicinemedicineAnimalsEndocrine systemObesityRNA MessengerWasting SyndromeTriglycerides0105 earth and related environmental sciencesbusiness.industrymedicine.diseaseObesityMice Inbred C57BL030104 developmental biologyEndocrinologyReceptors Aryl HydrocarbonInsulin ResistancebusinessBiomarkersObesogenDrug metabolism
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Hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance are associated with severe fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis caused by HBV or HCV infection.

2011

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Steatosis and insulin resistance (IR) are the major disease modifying in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Only few studies evaluated these features in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). We aimed to assess the prevalence and the factors related to steatosis and IR in CHB patients, compared with CHC subjects, and to evaluate the potential association between these features and fibrosis severity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and seventy consecutive patients with CHB (28 HBeAg positive, 142 HBeAg negative), were evaluated using liver biopsy and metabolic measurements and matched for sex, age and body mass index with 170 genotype 1 CHC patients. IR was def…

Blood GlucoseLiver CirrhosisMaleSettore MED/09 - Medicina InternaBiopsyEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssaySettore MED/08 - Anatomia PatologicaSettore MED/13 - EndocrinologiaBody Mass IndexteatosisHBVPrevalenceHumansInsulinHepatitis B AntibodiesTriglyceridesImmunoassaySettore MED/12 - GastroenterologiaHBV;HCV;steatosisAlanine TransaminaseHepatitis BHepatitis CFatty LiverItalyHCVRegression AnalysisFemaleInsulin ResistanceLiver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver
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