Search results for "TRUS"
showing 10 items of 1249 documents
Identification and Detection of Phoma tracheiphila, Causal Agent of Citrus Mal Secco Disease, by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction.
2006
Phoma tracheiphila is the causal agent of a tracheomycotic disease of citrus called mal secco causing the dieback of twigs and branches. This pathogen is of quarantine concern; therefore, fast and reliable protocols are required to detect it promptly. A specific primer pair and a dual-labeled fluorogenic probe were used in a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the Cepheid Smart Cycler II System (Transportable Device TD configuration) to detect this fungus in citrus samples. Real-time PCR assay was compared to modified conventional PCR assay. The sensitivity of the former was evaluated by testing P. tracheiphila DNA dilutions, and the minimum amount detectable was about 500 fg, wh…
Challenges and opportunities for citrus wastewater management and valorisation: A review.
2022
Citrus wastewaters (CWWs) are by-products of the citrus fruit transformation process. Currently, more than 700 million of m³ of CWWs per year are produced worldwide. Until nowadays, the management of CWWs is based on a take-make-use-dispose model. Indeed, after being produced within a citrus processing industry, CWWs are subjected to treatment and then discharged into the environment. Now, the European Union is pushing towards a take-make-use-reuse management model, which suggests to provide for the minimization of residual pollutants simultaneously with their exploitation through a biorefinery concept. Indeed, the recovery of energy nutrients and other value-added products held by CWWs may…
Genetic instability in calamondin (Citrus madurensis Lour.) plants derived from somatic embryogenesis induced by diphenylurea derivative
2007
Somatic embryos were regenerated in vitro from calamondin style-stigma explants cultured in the presence of N (6)-benzylaminopurine (BAP) cytokinin and three synthetic phenylurea derivatives, N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N-phenylurea (4-CPPU), N-phenyl-N'-benzothiazol-6-ylurea (PBU) and N,N'-bis-(2,3-methilendioxyphenyl)urea (2,3-MDPU). The phenylurea derivative compounds tested at micromolar level (12 muM) were able to induce a percentage of responsive explants significantly higher from that obtained with BAP and hormone-free (HF) conditions. In order to verify the genetic stability of the regenerants, 27 plants coming from different embryogenic events were randomly selected from each different …
Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from pistil thin cell layers of Citrus
1999
Callus induction, somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration were obtained in six different citrus species [Citrus deliciosa Ten. (cv 'Avana'), C.limon (L.) Burm. (cv 'Berna'), C.madurensis Lour. (cv 'CNR P9'), C.medica L. (cv 'Cedro di Trabia'), C.tardiva Hort. ex Tan. (cv 'CNR P6'), C.sinensis (L.) Osb. (cv 'Ugdulena 7')] from cultures of pistil transverse thin cell layer explants [(t)TCL]. Explants were cultured on three different media: the nutrients and vitamins of Murashige and Skoog medium alone (MS) or MS supplemented with either 500 mg l(-1) malt extract (MS I) or 500 mg l(-1) malt extract and 13.3 mu M 6-benzylaminopurine (MS II). Sucrose (146 mM) was used as the carbon source. …
Liquid chromatographic–mass spectrometric determination of post-harvest fungicides in citrus fruits
2001
Liquid chromatography (LC)-atmospheric pressure ionisation (API)-mass spectrometry (MS) has been used to determine residues of five fungicides in oranges with a minimum sample cleanup. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation (APCI) and electrospray (ES) were compared and both gave similar results in terms of sensitivity and structural information. The main ions were [M+H]+ for carbendazim, imazalil, thiophanate methyl and thiabendazole, and [M+H-C4H9NHCO]+ for benomyl. Samples were extracted with sodium sulphate and ethyl acetate. Although benomyl and thiophanate methyl were transformed through the extraction procedure to carbendazim, the method showed good precision (13%) and recovery (70…
Superior Antibacterial Activity of Integral Lemon Pectin Extracted via Hydrodynamic Cavitation
2020
Abstract Pectin extracted via hydrodynamic cavitation in water only from waste lemon peel and further isolated via freeze drying displays significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram positive pathogen which easily contaminates food. The antibacterial effect of the new IntegroPectin is largely superior to that of commercial citrus pectin, opening the way to advanced applications of a new bioproduct now obtainable in large amounts and at low cost from citrus juice industry's waste.
Seasonal variations of antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of essential oils extracted from three Citrus limon L. Burm. cultivars
2014
In order to investigate the seasonal variations of antimicrobial properties and chemical composition of essential oils (EOs), three different cultivars of Citrus limon L. Burm. spp. (Femminello Santa Teresa, Monachello and Femminello Continella) were collected at 6-week intervals, from December 2012 to April 2013, for a total of four harvests. The EOs were extracted from lemon peel by hydro-distillation. The antimicrobial activity, tested by paper disc diffusion method, was evaluated against common food-related pathogenic bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica and Enterobacter spp.). EOs were more effective against Gram-positive than Gram-negative bacte…
Antilisterial effect of citrus essential oils and their performance inedible film formulations
2016
[EN] The antimicrobial activity of eight essential oils (EOs) extracted from the fruit peel of Citrus genotypes (orange, mandarin and lemon) was evaluated against 76 strains of Listeria monocytogenes, previously isolated from different food matrices. EOs showing the most (EO L2 and EO L8) and least (EO O3 and EO M7) effective inhibition activities were chemically characterized by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to compare their composition. EO L2 and EO L8 were chosen to determine the MIC and to evaluate the cell viability of the most sensitive strains (L. monocytogenes LM35 and LM69) after 1, 2, 4 and 6 h of exposure. The effectiveness of chitosan (CH) and methylc…
Effect of storage period under variable conditions on the chemical and physical composition and colour of Spanish refrigerated orange juices
2005
The effects of the physicochemical and quality characteristics of various minimally pasteurized refrigerated orange Spanish juices and their changes with storage time and temperature were investigated. Essential oils, acidity, conductivity, diacetyl index, hydroxymethylfurfural, formol index, viscosity and ascorbic acid varied with storage time more significantly at 10 degrees C than at 4 degrees C. Density, colour and pectinmethylesterase did not vary at 4 degrees C. Some of the parameters could be used as indicators of quality loss or spoilage of the juices. The degradation kinetics of the concentration of remaining ascorbic acid against time follows a straight line whose slope indicates …
Flavonoids in Lemon and Grapefruit IntegroPectin
2021
Abstract Following the analysis of terpenes present in new lemon and grapefruit “IntegroPectin” pectins obtained via the hydrodynamic cavitation of industrial lemon and grapefruit processing waste, the HPLC‐MS analysis of flavonoid and other phenolic compounds reveals the presence of eriocitrin, naringin, hesperidin and kaempferol typical of the respective citrus fruits. The pectic fibers rich in rhamnogalacturonan‐I regions act as chemical sponges adsorbing and concentrating at their outer surface highly bioactive citrus flavonoids and terpenes. These findings, together with the unique molecular structure of these new whole citrus pectins, provide preliminary insight into the broad‐scope b…