Search results for "TTS"
showing 10 items of 374 documents
Understanding Categorical Learning in Neural Circuits Through the Primary Olfactory Cortex
2022
Knowing which elements in the environment are associated with various opportunities and dangers is advantageous. A major role of mammalian sensory systems is to provide information about the identity of such elements which can then be used for adaptive action planning by the animal. Identity-tuned sensory representations are categorical, invariant to nuances in the sensory stream and depend on associative learning. Although categorical representations are well documented across several sensory modalities, these tend to situate synaptically far from the sensory organs which reduces experimenter control over input-output transformations. The formation of such representations is a fundamental …
Efficient simulation of the random-cluster model
2013
The simulation of spin models close to critical points of continuous phase transitions is heavily impeded by the occurrence of critical slowing down. A number of cluster algorithms, usually based on the Fortuin-Kasteleyn representation of the Potts model, and suitable generalizations for continuous-spin models have been used to increase simulation efficiency. The first algorithm making use of this representation, suggested by Sweeny in 1983, has not found widespread adoption due to problems in its implementation. However, it has been recently shown that it is indeed more efficient in reducing critical slowing down than the more well-known algorithm due to Swendsen and Wang. Here, we present…
Talent development abroad. Young football players’ experiences and challenges on being recruited to English academies
2022
The aim of the current study was to gain insight into talented Norwegian football players who made a club transfer to an English football academy, by investigating the players’ choice of academy, main challenges upon arrival, how they settled in both athletically and socially and their day-to-day life in the academy. Eight Norwegian players registered in an English professional football academy between the ages of 16 and 18 years were interviewed in retrospect. The challenges that the players met were mostly related to their efforts to develop as players, such as going into an extremely high-performance environment, which was quite different from what they perceived in their original club. …
H-2-linked murine cytotoxic T cell responses specific for sendai virus-infected cells
1978
CBA (H-2k) mouse-derived lymphochoriomeningitis virus and herpes simplex virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes lyse virus-infected target cells compatible on either the H-2k or H-2D region. In contrast, CBA, C3H and AKR (H-2k) mouse-derived sendai virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) fail to lyse H-2D-compatible virus-infected cells. A similar lack of H-2D region-associated lytic activity was found with C57BL/6 and C57BL/10 (H-2b) mice as well as with the recombinants B10.A (2R) [Kb-Db] and B10.A (4R) [Kk-Db]. On the other hand, BALB/c (H-2d) mice and A/J (H-2a) mice do generate H-2Dd-associated sendai virus-specific CTL. These results are in contrast to those obtained with (CBA X …
Herpes-Simplex-virus-specific, H-2Dk-restricted T lymphocytes bear receptors for H-2Dd alloantigen.
1980
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes generated in the course of an HSV-infection of CBA (H-2k) mice not only lyse syngeneic, virus-infected target cells but also cross-react with noninfected taraget cells expressing the Dd alloantigen. On the effector cell level, this alloreactivity is mediated by virus-specific CTL's that are restricted to H-2Dk determinants. On the prekiller cell level, the anti-HSV-reactive T cells exhibiting cross-reactivity for Dd alloantigen could be positively selected on H-2d spleen-cell monolayers. After differentiation into cytolytic effector cells, target cells expressing Dd alloantigens and syngeneic HSV-infected target were lysed with equal efficiency. The results imply tha…
Continous alert for rickettsiosis in Sicily: molecular characterization of Rickettsia sp. obtained from ticks and human beings (1986-2001).
2006
Several strains of Rickettsia sp. were isolated from patients in western Sicily with MSF (Mediterranean Spotted Fever) as well as ticks. Strains isolated were examined by PCR and identified as belonging to R. conorii sp. Importantly a strain of Israeli Spotted Fever Rickettsiae, obtained from a tick, was also identified. Our data prove that strains other than the classical R. conorii also circulate in Sicily.
A longitudinal transitional perspective on why adolescents choose to quit organized sport in Norway
2021
Abstract The present study used a prospective cohort design to explore the reasons why young athletes decided to quit playing handball. The theoretical underpinnings were drawn from the fields of career transition, motivation, and meaningful experiences in organized youth sport. Thirty-four athletes were included in a larger research project exploring the complex interplay of psychosocial factors during the transition period from lower-to upper-secondary school in Norway. In this study, the data collection involved three sources: individual interviews with the 10 athletes who decided to leave their teams during the study period (five girls and five boys), and individual open-ended questionn…
Treating equivalent cases differently: A comparative analysis of substance use disorder and type 2 diabetes in Norwegian treatment guidelines
2022
Background Substance use disorder (SUD) is often understood as a chronic illness. Aims: This paper investigates whether SUD is treated as a chronic illness. Method To this aim, we have used World Health Organizations (WHO's) definition of chronic illness to conduct a comparative analysis of SUD and type 2 diabetes (T2D), which is another chronic illness. Results When analysing Norwegian treatment guidelines, we found that only the T2D guideline reflects the WHO's conceptualization of chronic illnesses. We argue that this discrepancy implies that SUD is understood as a moral and legal problem, while T2D is conceptualized as a somatic illness. We discuss how social, political and historical c…
Understanding disruptive situations in physical education : Teaching style and didactic implications
2020
Several studies have emphasized the importance of handling disruptive situations in the physical education (PE) learning environment; however, few have investigated complex disruptive situations in PE and included both teacher and student perspectives. The aims of this study, which discusses an alternative teaching style for reducing disruptive situations, were to gain a better understanding of student and teacher experiences of complex disruptive situations in PE, and to explore how the teacher handled these situations. The philosophical perspective used in this study was Rorty’s philosophical pragmatism. Methods included written narratives, interviews, observation, and video recordings o…
Associations between structures, processes and outcomes in inter-municipal cooperation in out-of-hours services in Norway: A survey study
2020
Abstract Inter-municipal cooperation (IMC) has gained widespread recognition as a beneficial strategy for improving efficiency and quality in the provision of out-of-hours emergency care services (OOH services). Little attention, however, has been given to the additional costs of cooperation and the relational processes through which benefits and costs are likely to result. Based on survey data from 266 (77%) Norwegian municipalities involved in IMC in OOH services in 2015, this study aimed to investigate how the structure (governance form, complexity and stability) and quality (trust and consensus) of cooperation processes interact to influence the perceived outcomes (benefits and costs) o…