Search results for "TYR"
showing 10 items of 2017 documents
Transmembrane signalling mechanisms regulating expression of cationic amino acid transporters and inducible nitric oxide synthase in rat vascular smo…
1999
The signalling mechanisms involved in the induction of nitric oxide synthase and l-arginine transport were investigated in bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-stimulated rat cultured aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs). The expression profile of transcripts for cationic amino acid transporters (CATs) and their regulation by LPS and IFN-gamma were also examined. Control RASMCs expressed mRNA for CAT-1, CAT-2A and CAT-2B. Levels of all three transcripts were significantly elevated in activated cells. Stimulated CAT mRNA expression and l-arginine transport occurred independently of protein kinase C (PKC), protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) and p44/42 mitogen-activat…
Innovative Vehicle-Trailer Connection for Yaw Stability Improvement
2014
As well known, dangerous conditions may occur for the lateral stability of the road vehicles on increasing the running velocity. While it is easy to make up for this drawback in the case of a vehicle alone, by a proper weight distribution, the unstable trend may worsen unfavourably for the vehicle-trailer configuration, imposing a very hard correction task to the driver, who has to cope with the development of two types of instability, exponentially divergent or swaying with increasing amplitude. The critical velocity depends on the geometrical and inertial characteristics of the car-trailer system, on the cornering stiffness of the tires and on the weight distribution among the axles. The …
The "olfactostriatum" of snakes: a basal ganglia vomeronasal structure in tetrapods.
2005
The olfactostriatum is a portion of the basal ganglia of snakes situated ventromedially to the nucleus accumbens proper. It receives a major vomeronasal input from the nucleus sphericus, the primary target of accessory olfactory bulb efferents. Recently, the ophidian olfactostriatum has been characterized on the basis of chemoarchitecture (distribution of serotonin, neuropeptide Y and tyrosine hydroxylase) and hodology (afferent and efferent connections). In contrast to the nucleus accumbens proper, the olfactostriatum is densely immunoreactive for serotonin and neuropeptide Y and sparsely immunoreactive for tyrosine hydroxylase. The nucleus accumbens proper and the olfactostriatum share mo…
Responses of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus adults to selected synthetic palm esters: electroantennographic studies and trap catches in an urban environme…
2010
BACKGROUND: The red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier, accidentally introduced into the European countries facing the Mediterranean basin, is becoming the most serious pest for ornamental palms in the urban environment. In the present work, tests were conducted on the electroantennogram (EAG) and behavioural responses of RPW adults to five selected synthetic palm esters, ethyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl lactate and ethyl acetate, to assess the application of a mass trapping technique in an urban environment. RESULTS: In the laboratory, EAG bioassays on RPW adults with the synthetic palm esters showed: (1) positive dose-dependent responses; (2) di…
Bioreactivity of Resveratrol Toward Inflammation Processes
2014
Grape polyphenols are abundant. They play essential roles in the vine’s life, particularly in its defense mechanisms. Interestingly, the grape, fresh or dried, is a widely consumed fruit by humans, as are its processed products, grape juice and wine. Moreover, they contain vast and highly varied quantities of polyphenols. Like other phytophenols, grape and wine resveratrol is considered a protective micronutrient like flavonoids, epicatechins in green tea and cocoa, quercetin in apples and onions, curcumin of the turmeric root, and hydroxytyrosol in olive oil. Resveratrol is a powerful natural antioxidant in vine. Interestingly, in humans, it protects low density lipoproteins against oxidat…
Air monitoring of selected volatile organic compounds in wineries using passive sampling and headspace-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
2014
Abstract Volatile compounds released during the production of wine at different steps of the winemaking process were evaluated using semipermeable membranes based passive samplers. Preliminary data on the differences between five wine varieties were provided together with the indoor quality of air to which winery workers are exposed during their professional activity. A simple, green and fast analytical methodology was employed for the direct analysis of deployed samplers by using head space (HS) gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) without any sample pre-treatment and avoiding the use of solvents. Terpenes as styrene, pinene, p-cymene and limonene were found at concentration levels…
Date-rape evidence through fast determination of γ-butyrolactone in adulterated beverages.
2021
Abstract An infrared spectroscopy (IR) based methodology has been developed to determine γ-butyrolactone (GBL) in adulterated beverages. The proposed method permits the direct screening of GBL in beverages and involves a minimum sample treatment requiring less than 2 min for quantitative determination of GBL. Sensitivity of IR method was improved by using liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) providing detection limits of 0.023 mg g−1. Accuracy of the proposed methodology was evaluated through the analysis of soft beverages and alcoholic cocktails spiked with GBL at concentration levels ranging from 0.075 to 10 mg g−1 providing recovery values from 91 to 100%. GBL was determined in twelve blind-sp…
The phenolic compounds of olive oil: structure, biological activity and beneficial effects on human health
2005
AbstractThe Mediterranean diet is rich in vegetables, cereals, fruit, fish, milk, wine and olive oil and has salutary biological functions. Epidemiological studies have shown a lower incidence of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases and certain kinds of cancer in the Mediterranean area. Olive oil is the main source of fat, and the Mediterranean diet's healthy effects can in particular be attributed not only to the high relationship between unsaturated and saturated fatty acids in olive oil but also to the antioxidant property of its phenolic compounds. The main phenolic compounds, hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein, which give extra-virgin olive oil its bitter, pungent taste, have powerful a…
Optimal Conditions for the Formation of Sotolon from .alpha.-Ketobutyric Acid in the French "Vin Jaune"
1995
Sotolon (3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-2(5H)-furanone) is a key flavor compound in the French flor-sherry Vin Jaune. Sotolon in Vin Jaune (120-268 microgram/L) is produced during the development of yeast film over a period of 6 years. In a synthetic medium resembling wine, the formation of sotolon was studied for different organic acids and acetaldehyde. Then, sotolon was quantified by HPLC on a Lichrospher 100 Diol column. Under the conditions of temperature, pH, and alcoholic content similar to the ageing of wine in barrels, sotolon was formed by a purely chemical mechanism from alpha-ketobutyric acid and acetaldehyde. The formation of sotolon increases by increasing temperature and decreasing p…
Perceptual interactions between fruity and woody notes of wine
2004
The quantitative olfactory interactions in three binary mixtures of wine aroma compounds were studied. For the first two mixtures, whisky lactone (woody note) was mixed separately with two esters (fruity note), ethyl butyrate and isoamyl acetate. For the third mixture, guaiacol (woody note) was mixed with ethyl butyrate (fruity note). Perceived odour intensity of 24 stimuli (four supra-threshold concentration levels of two compounds and the respective 16 mixtures) were evaluated in five replications, by a trained panel of 13 subjects. The results showed that for the three binary mixtures studied, quantitative perceptual interactions were non-level independent, non-symmetrical, and reached t…