Search results for "Task"
showing 10 items of 1658 documents
Embedding “roadside equipment” in the environmental assessment of transportation system: the case of safety barriers
2014
The work arises from the consideration that the environmental impact of a road cannot be limited to the analysis of its constituent materials, even if correctly analyzed in their life cycle. In fact, a given road not only consists of the pavement and subgrade, but also includes several different components and accessories (e.g., road marking, drainages, safety barriers, etc.) that contribute to set a road infrastructure in operative condition. As a matter of fact, only limited attention has been paid in the scientific literature to roadside components, unlike pavement and traffic flow. In the present work, the environmental burden of one of these components, i.e., the safety barrier has bee…
Effects of Task-Irrelevant Cars on Judgments of Deceleration and Time-to-Contact During Car-Following
2012
Rear-end collisions represent over 25% of crashes with other moving vehicles (NHTSA, 2005). Factors that potentially contribute to such accidents include a driver’s ability to respond to a lead car’s deceleration and to estimate how much time remains until a collision would occur (DeLucia & Tharanathan, 2009). Prior research (Oberfeld & Hecht, 2008) showed that time-to-contact (TTC) judgments of approaching objects were influenced by task-irrelevant distractor objects. This finding has implications for rear-end collisions when drivers must detect a lead car’s deceleration amidst surrounding cars. However, Oberfeld and Hecht simulated a stationary observer rather than a moving obser…
The Impacts of ICT Support on Information Distribution, Task Assignment for Gaining Teams’ Situational Awareness in Search and Rescue Operations
2015
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has changed the way we communicate and work. To study the effects of ICT for Information Distribution (ID) and Task Assignment (TA) for gaining Teams’ Situational Awareness (TSA) across and within rescue teams, an indoor fire game was played with students. We used two settings (smartphone-enabled support vs. traditional walkietalkies) to analyze the impact of technology on ID and TA for gaining TSA in a simulated Search and Rescue operation. The results presented in this paper combine observations and quantitative data from a survey conducted after the game. The results indicate that the use of the ICT was good in second scenario than first sce…
Understanding flow experience from users’ requirements
2015
This paper argues that the concept of flow can be useful in gaining a better understanding of information system users’ flow experience. This paper applies this concept in the requirements development phase of an Internet protocol television e-learning service development project. The findings show that flow experience can be visualised and measured, and that there are differences in how users see and perceive different features. Some features are driven by more experiential needs, whereas others are driven by more task-oriented goals. The findings indicate that the users’ perceived flow experiences can already be measured during the early phases of information systems IS development projec…
Optimization model predictions for postural coordination modes
2003
International audience; This paper examines the ability of the dynamic optimization model to predict changes between in-phase and anti-phase postural modes of coordination and to evaluate influence of two particular environmental and intentional constraints on postural strategy. The task studied was based on an experimental paradigm that consisted in tracking a target motion with the head. An original optimal procedure was developed for cyclic problems to calculate hip and ankle angular trajectories during postural sway with a minimum torque change criterion. Optimization results give a good description of the sudden bifurcation phase between in-phase and anti-phase postural coordination mo…
Multiobjectives Approach for Process Plan Selection in IMS Environment
1996
Abstract In Integrated Manufacturing Systems (IMS) evaluating the most suitable process plan is a very complex task. Technology, quality, production and market requirements are objectives to be pursued in the selection process, subject to the constraints due to the several part types simultaneously manufactured. The paper proposes a new approach to the process planning selection, based on a possibilistic fuzzy programming model in order to face the vagueness coming from the formalization of the objectives and constraints in the selection problem.
Advanced Product Quality Planning Reference Model in Automotive Industry
2013
The papers objective is to present a detailed model of the Advanced Product Quality Planning methodology in the context of the automotive industry. The relations existent between the various inputs and outputs of each planning phase are clearly formulized revealing the intricate web of connections present among them thus facilitating understanding and comprehension of the vast task for both novice and experienced managers. The model can also contain a time and cost analysis of the various activities, concerning a family of products.
Design of a grid connected inverter for sustainable small wind farms
2016
The actual definition of sustainability is nowadays widely accepted. It provides a very general indication on what it is, but it reveals unable to assert how it should be reached. However, if one considers the multiplicity of human activities that have led to talk of real process of human settlement on the environment, it is then understood how it is close to the particular mankind activities. Then the task of providing a guidance on what to do within the sustainability concept is delegated case by case. In this paper, with reference to wind renewable source, The Authors give some indications in the design of a voltage source inverters aimed to optimal use of the wind source. In particular …
Synchronization in Vehicle Routing—A Survey of VRPs with Multiple Synchronization Constraints
2012
This paper presents a survey of vehicle routing problems with multiple synchronization constraints. These problems exhibit, in addition to the usual task covering constraints, further synchronization requirements between the vehicles, concerning spatial, temporal, and load aspects. They constitute an emerging field in vehicle routing research and are becoming a “hot” topic. The contribution of the paper is threefold: (i) It presents a classification of different types of synchronization. (ii) It discusses the central issues related to the exact and heuristic solution of such problems. (iii) It comprehensively reviews pertinent literature with respect to applications as well as successful s…
Improvement of energy efficiency and quality of street lighting in South Italy as an action of Sustainable Energy Action Plans. The case study of Com…
2015
Abstract Existing street lighting systems, in most of South Italy cities, are often inefficient due to the obsolescence of lamps and luminaires and of ineffective light control systems unable to implement efficient on-off and dimming strategies. Energy efficiency improvement, in street lighting systems, is often one of the key actions to be adopted by Public Administration in their Sustainable Energy Action Plan in the framework of the “Covenant of Majors” activities. As a task of FACTOR 20 project, a set of planning options has been analysed and proposed. Particularly, street lighting efficiency projects have been studied for representative case studies. A detailed survey of the public lig…