Search results for "Tetrachloride"

Bonding Trends in Lewis Acid Adducts of S 4 N 4 – X‐ray Structure of TeCl 4 ·S 4 N 4

2006

Tetrasulfur tetranitride and tellurium tetrachloride react in dichloromethane to form a 1:1 adduct TeCl4·S4N4 (1). The crystal structure of 1 shows that TeCl4 is bonded to the S4N4 ring through a Te–N linkage. As a consequence, the transannular S···S bonds in S4N4 are broken and the molecule assumes an open, monocyclic conformation. The Te–N bond of 2.16(1) A is slightly longer than the single bond. The S–N bonds span a range of 1.55(1)–1.67(1) A. The adduct 1 was also characterized by mass spectrometry and Raman spectroscopy. The bonding and spectroscopic properties of 1 are compared by DFT calculations at the B3PW91/(RLC ECP) level of theory with those of BF3·S4N4 (2), SO3·S4N4 (3), AsF5·…

Interaction of Alkaline Metal Cations with Oxidic Surfaces: Effect on the Morphology of SnO2 Nanoparticles

2010

Reaction pathways to SnO(2) nanomaterials through the hydrolysis of hydrated tin tetrachloride precursors were investigated. The products were prepared solvothermally starting from hydrated tin tetrachloride and various (e.g., alkali) hydroxides. The influence of the precursor base on the final morphology of the nanomaterials was studied. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) data indicated the formation of rutile-type SnO(2). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies revealed different morphologies that were formed with different precursor base cations. Data from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations provide theoretical evidence that the adsorption of the cations of the precursor base to the f…

Ammoniates of Uranium Trichloride and Tetrachloride

1965

Titanium and zirconium complexes that contain a tridentate bis(phenolato) ligand of the [OOO]-type

2003

Abstract The oxygen-linked bis(phenol) 2-oxapropanediyl-1,3-bis(2-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), [OOO]H2, was prepared in good yield by the condensation of 2-tert-butyl-6-hydroxymethyl-4-methylphenol at 155 °C. This bis(phenol) reacted cleanly with titanium tetrachloride to give the orange titanium dichloro complex [OOO]TiCl2 in virtually quantitative yield. The solubility in pentane indicates a monomeric structure for [OOO]TiCl2 in solution. The reaction of titanium tetra(isopropoxide) gave the di(isopropoxy) complex [OOO]Ti(OiPr)2 which also adopts a monomeric structure of C2v-symmetry in solution. The reaction of the dichloro complex [OOO]TiCl2 with benzyl Grignard reagent in diethyl ether …

Fibronectin Type III Domain–Containing Protein 5 rs3480 A>G Polymorphism, Irisin, and Liver Fibrosis in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Dis…

2017

Context Contrasting data have been reported on the role of irisin, a novel myokine encoded by the fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) gene, in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathogenesis. We tested in patients with suspected nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) the association of FNDC5 variants, hepatic expression, and circulating irisin with liver damage (F2 to F4 fibrosis as main outcome). We also investigated whether irisin modulates hepatocellular fat accumulation and stellate cell activation in experimental models. Methods We considered 593 consecutive patients who underwent liver biopsy for suspected NASH and 192 patients with normal liver enzymes and wit…

Increased hepatic fibrosis and JNK2-dependent liver injury in mice exhibiting hepatocyte-specific deletion of cFLIP.

2012

Chronic liver disease promotes hepatocellular injury involving apoptosis and triggers compensatory regeneration that leads to the activation of quiescent stellate cells in the liver. The deposition of extracellular matrix from activated myofibroblasts promotes hepatic fibrosis and the progression to cirrhosis with deleterious effects on liver physiology. The role of apoptosis signaling pathways in the development of fibrosis remains undefined. The aim of the current study was to determine the involvement of the caspase-8 homologue cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (cFLIP) during the initiation and progression of fibrosis. Liver injury and fibrosis from carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and thioa…

Hepatocyte-Specific Smad7 Expression Attenuates TGF-β–Mediated Fibrogenesis and Protects Against Liver Damage

2008

Background & Aims The profibrogenic role of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in liver has mostly been attributed to hepatic stellate cell activation and excess matrix synthesis. Hepatocytes are believed to contribute to increased rates of apoptosis. Methods Primary hepatocyte outgrowths and AML12 cells were used as an in vitro model to detect TGF-β effects on the cellular phenotype and expression profile. Furthermore, a transgenic mouse model was used to determine the outcome of hepatocyte-specific Smad7 expression on fibrogenesis following CCl 4 -dependent damage. Samples from patients with chronic liver diseases were assessed for (partial) epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in h…

Interactions of α-tocopherol with biomembrane models: Binding to dry lecithin reversed micelles

2005

Abstract The state of α-tocopherol (Vitamin E) in solutions of dry lecithin reversed micelles dispersed in an apolar medium has been investigated as a function of the Vitamin E to surfactant molar ratio (RVE) at fixed surfactant concentration by FT-IR, 1H NMR and SAXS with the aim to emphasize the role played by anisotropic intermolecular interactions and confinement effects as driving forces of its partitioning between apolar bulk solvent and polar nanodomains and of mutual Vitamin E/reversed micelle effects. It has been found that its binding strength to reversed micelles, triggered by steric and orientational constrains, is mainly regulated by specific interactions between the hydrophili…

Potential hepatoprotective effects of new Cuban natural products in rat hepatocytes culture.

2008

The protective effects of five Cuban natural products (Mangifera indica L. (MSBE), Erythroxylum minutifolium, Erythroxylum confusum, Thalassia testudinum and Dictyota pinnatifida extracts and mangiferin) on the oxidative damage induced by model toxicants in rat hepatocyte cultures were studied. Cells were pre-incubated with the natural products (5-200 microg/mL) for 24 h. Then hepatotoxins (tert-butyl hydroperoxide, ethanol, carbon tetrachloride and lipopolysaccharide) were individually added and post-incubated for another 24 h. After treatments, cell viability was determined using the MTT assay. Mangiferin and MSBE exhibited the highest cytoprotective potential (EC50 between 50 and 125 mic…

Quantitative evaluation of ethane and n-pentane as indicators of lipid peroxidation in vivo.

1983

The use of exhalation of ethane and n-pentane in experimental animals as parameters of lipid peroxidation led to an examination of pharmacokinetics of both compounds in rats. When rats were exposed, in a closed desiccator jar chamber, to a wide range of ethane concentrations, linear elimination pharmacokinetics were observed. n-Pentane, when concentrations higher than 100 ppm were applied, displayed saturation kinetics. These were formally explained by action of two competing metabolizing pathways or enzymes. Application of preexisting models could describe exhalation of both ethane and n-pentane by untreated control rats. Stimulation of lipid peroxidation by ferrous ions or by carbon tetra…