Search results for "Theoretical Model"
showing 10 items of 107 documents
The Influence of Collective Behavior on Pacing in Endurance Competitions
2015
A number of theoretical models have been proposed in recent years to explain pacing strategies observed in individual competitive endurance events. These have typically related to the internal regulatory processes that inform the making of decisions relating to muscular work rate. Despite a substantial body of research which has investigated the influence of collective group dynamics on individual behaviors in various animal species, this issue has not been comprehensively studied in individual athletic events. This is somewhat surprising given that athletes often directly compete in close proximity to one another, and that collective behavior has also been observed in other human environme…
Researching (Algebraic) Problem Solving from the Perspective of Local Theoretical Models
2010
Concepts such as Local Theoretical Model, Mathematical Sign System, logico-semiotic outline, analytical reading, and formal competence model, elaborated within long term research programs developed in Mexico and Spain, are presented. Empirical data from a study carried out in Spain with students of a teacher training school are analyzed using this theoretical framework. The cases analyzed show to which extent the logico-semiotic outline determines the arithmetic or algebraic nature of the entire problem solving process, even in the case of pupils which had been instructed in general problem solving heuristics, management and control, including the explicit training in changing the plan of s…
Designing an Experimental Research Using the Finite Element Analysis Method
2019
In order to study the impact of cutting parameters on the cutting process, several research methods can be used. The first method generally used to understand the cutting process is the experiment from which clear and precise results are obtained. However, experiments can be very costly and time-consuming. The work piece material can be damaged, the processing centre can be busy and people have to spend a lot of time observing the process and recording the data. The objective of this paper is to design an experimental research using the finite element method. In this respect, an orthogonal cutting pattern will be established using this method. This involves determining the type, the method …
Towards a Neofunctionalist Theory of Psychology?
1984
The contemporary study of human activity comprises various levels of description. Three levels are distinguished for the purpose of the present paper: (1) single acts and interaction episodes; (2) individual activity structures; (3) life process. Regardless of the level of analysis the theoretical models correspond to each other. Activity is examined in relation to goals and conditions which include both situational and environmental inputs. It is suggested that different types of explanations are fruitful for each aspect of activity, but they do not exclude each other. The action-oriented approach represents a continuation to the functionalist tradition while emphasizing intentional activi…
Why Is My Job So Stressful? Characteristics, Processes and Models of Stress at Work
2017
This chapter deals with the issue of job stress in relation to employee health, well‐being and performance. The chapter starts with an outline of job stress as a societal problem, illustrating current trends in society, the nature of work, and job stress. It continues with a discussion of the main perspectives on job stress, including bad and good stress, and of the potential role of individual differences in the job stress process. Next, an integrative process model of job stress is presented that will pave the way for a profound discussion of four prominent theoretical models on job stress: (1) the Demand‐Control‐Support Model, (2) the Effort‐Reward Imbalance Model, (3) the Job‐Demands Re…
Patients' readiness for dietary change at the beginning of counselling: a transtheoretical model-based assessment.
2003
Background The purpose of this study was to explore patients' readiness for dietary change within a theoretical framework of the transtheoretical model. The patients were recently diagnosed to have type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance. We discuss the theoretical aspects of appropriate dietary counselling strategies from a standpoint of patient-specific stages of change. Methods The data included 32 audiotaped diabetes counselling sessions with 16 patients conducted by two nurses. The transcribed data was analysed by using deductive content analysis. Results The patients were at different stages of change of diabetes-affected dietary behaviour. Their stages of change varied in di…
Oral health counselling in changing schoolchildren's oral hygiene habits: a qualitative study.
2006
Abstract – Objective: This study explored oral health counselling concerning changes of oral hygiene habits in 11- to 13-year-old schoolchildren within a theoretical framework of the transtheoretical model and the motivational interview. Methods: The follow-up data (2002–2003) formed two sequential parts: the first part comprised 66 counselling sessions in 2002; the second part included 31 counselling sessions in 2003. Thirty-one (n = 31) schoolchildren were included in the counselling sessions that were conducted by four dental hygienists. The audiotaped and transcribed data were analysed qualitatively by using content analysis. Results: In 2002, nearly every schoolchild needed to esta…
Threshold cointegration and nonlinear adjustment between stock prices and dividends
2008
According to several empirical studies, the linear present-value model fails to explain the behaviour of stock prices in the long run. We analyse the possible presence of threshold cointegration between real stock prices and dividends for the US market during the period from 1871:1 to 2004:6. According to our results, the null hypothesis of linear cointegration between stock prices and dividends is rejected in favour of a two-regime threshold cointegration model. We find also that stock prices do not respond to equilibrium error, and dividends respond to the past divergence only if the deviation from the equilibrium error does not exceed the estimated threshold parameter. This in turn would…
Electrochemical oxidation of organic pollutants in water at metal oxide electrodes: A simple theoretical model including direct and indirect oxidatio…
2009
Abstract The electrochemical oxidation of organics in water at metal oxide electrodes was investigated with the aim to discuss the correlations between the instantaneous current efficiency ICE and operative conditions by considering both the hypothesis of a direct oxidation process and of an indirect process mediated by adsorbed hydroxyl radicals or chemisorbed “oxygen”, in order to explicit the main differences expected between these cases. Thus, a simple theoretical model was discussed, as an extension of previous studies of Comnnellis and co-workers which were focused on indirect oxidation paths [C. Comninellis, Electrochim. Acta 39 (1994) 1857; O. Simond, V. Schaller, Ch. Comninellis, E…
Splitting of surface-related phonons in Raman spectra of self-assembled GaN nanowires
2012
cited By 2; International audience; Micro Raman spectroscopy studies have been performed on GaN nanowires grown by Plasma-Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy on Silicon (111) substrate. From the analysis of experimental data, the emergence of a two peaks band located near 700 cm-1 has been attributed to the Raman scattering by surface-related phonons. We have analyzed the surface character of these two modes by changing the dielectric constant of the exterior medium and some experimental parameters. Furthermore, a theoretical model describing the nanowires ensemble by means of an effective dielectric function has been used to interpret the Raman scattering results. Those numerical simulations a…