Search results for "Thyroid Cancer"

Cancer cure for 32 cancer types: results from the EUROCARE-5 study

2020

Abstract Background Few studies have estimated the probability of being cured for cancer patients. This study aims to estimate population-based indicators of cancer cure in Europe by type, sex, age and period. Methods 7.2 million cancer patients (42 population-based cancer registries in 17 European countries) diagnosed at ages 15–74 years in 1990–2007 with follow-up to 2008 were selected from the EUROCARE-5 dataset. Mixture-cure models were used to estimate: (i) life expectancy of fatal cases (LEF); (ii) cure fraction (CF) as proportion of patients with same death rates as the general population; (iii) time to cure (TTC) as time to reach 5-year conditional relative survival (CRS) >95…

RISK OF HEMOLYMPHOPOIETIC NEOPLASM BEFORE AND AFTER THYROID CANCER. A POPULATION‐BASED STUDY IN ITALY, 1998‐2012

2021

Tumorigenic and metastatic activity of human thyroid cancer stem cells

2010

Abstract Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine malignancy and the first cause of death among endocrine cancers. We show that the tumorigenic capacity in thyroid cancer is confined in a small subpopulation of stem-like cells with high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDHhigh) activity and unlimited replication potential. ALDHhigh cells can be expanded indefinitely in vitro as tumor spheres, which retain the tumorigenic potential upon delivery in immunocompromised mice. Orthotopic injection of minute numbers of thyroid cancer stem cells recapitulates the behavior of the parental tumor, including the aggressive metastatic features of undifferentiated thyroid carcinomas, which are sustained by…

Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: extrathyroidal extension, lymph node metastases and risk factors for recurrence in a high prevalence of goiter area

2010

BACKGROUND. Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) is diagnosed with increasing frequency. Since risk factors for an aggressive clinical behavior have not been clearly delineated, the best therapeutic option and follow up protocol for PTMC have not been established yet, especially in case of incidental diagnosis after partial thyroidectomy for benign disease. We reviewed our series of patients with PMTC to determine risk factors for recurrence in a high prevalence of goiter area. METHODS. The medical records of all the patients who underwent total thyroidectomy (TT) with a final pathology report of PTMC between October 2002 and June 2007 were reviewed. Demographic, clinical and pathologica…

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in a cancer patient receiving lenvatinib.

2018

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is an adverse drug reaction that affects the mandible and maxilla of patients exposed to bone-targeting agents such as anti-resorptive and anti-angiogenic agents. Several MRONJ cases have been reported after dental extractions in patients under treatment with anti-angiogenic agents, including receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) inhibitor, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) monoclonal antibody, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). The aim of this article was to describe an original case of lenvatinib-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in a patient affected …

Cancer of the Thyroid

2021

Thyroid cancers are the most frequent endocrine neoplasms whose incidence is globally increasing. Thyroid carcinomas basically derived from follicular (papillary, follicular, anaplastic and poorly differentiated) or parafollicular cells (medullary). The diagnostic evaluation of thyroid cancers is mainly based on neck ultrasonography along with fine needle aspiration. First initial risk evaluation should be carried out postoperatively, while a dynamic risk stratification should be continually assessed to personalize treatment. Whereas combination of surgery, adjuvant radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation, and hormone therapy enables high rates of cure in differentiated tumors (DTC), surgical res…

Prognostic impact of extra-nodal extension in thyroid cancer: A meta-analysis

2015

Background and Objectives Lymph node involvement is common in thyroid cancer, but the system of staging does not consider the histological features of lymph node metastases. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the prognostic role of extranodal extension (ENE) in thyroid cancer patients. Methods We ran PubMed and SCOPUS searches without language restrictions. Prospective studies reporting data on overall mortality, cancer-specific mortality, or disease recurrence including thyroid cancer patients, in which cases with ENE (ENE+) were compared with those with only intranodal disease (ENE-) were eligible. Data were summarized using risk ratios (RR) for number of deaths/recurrences, and …

Human Thyroid Cancer Stem Cells

2011

Increasing advances in stem cell research have opened new chances for treatment of many types of cancers. The identification of Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) will provide a better knowledge of the molecular events governing carcinogenesis and the establishment of more accurate diagnostic methods and effective therapies. Parallel to other tumors, it has been demonstrated the presence of CSCs in thyroid cancers. Here, we will discuss the origin of human thyroid cancer stem cells and what is known about the molecular and the cellular aspects of their biology. We will also explore the potential traits of CSCs in thyroid cancer which give hope for the development of new therapeutic approaches in trea…

The New TNM Staging System for Thyroid Cancer and the Risk of Disease Downstaging

2018

In October 2016 the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) published the 8th edition of the AJCC/TNM cancer staging system and it has been introduced in clinical practice since 1st January 2018. The effect of most of the changes in the new edition was the downstaging of a significant number of patients into lower stages, reflecting their low risk of thyroid cancer-related death. One of the most relevant modification refers to the role of the microscopic extra-thyroidal tumor invasion, which is no longer considered as criterion for the classification of T3 tumors. With the present study we want to assess the impact of the changes of the new staging system and therefore we analyzed or casi…

Second follow-up of a German cohort on childhood cancer incidence after exposure to postnatal diagnostic x-ray.

2019

Studies on children exposed to ionizing radiation by computed tomography (CT) indicate an increased risk of leukemia and central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Evidence of the risks associated with diagnostic X-ray examinations, the most frequent examination in pediatric radiology, in which the radiation dose is up to 750 times lower compared to CT examinations, is less clear.a#13; This study presents results of the second follow-up for the risk of childhood cancer in a cohort of children (alt;15 years) with diagnostic X-ray exposure at a large German hospital during 1976-2003 followed for additional 10 years until 2016.a#13; With a latency period of six months, 92,998 children contributed 79…