Search results for "Tier"

How does public spending affect technical efficiency? Some evidence from 15 European countries

2020

The relationship between government size and economic growth has been widely debated. Revisiting the subject from a distinct angle with respect to the mainstream approach, we provide an empirical analysis of the impact of government size on technical efficiency. The aim of this paper is to estimate the impact of public sector's size and of public expenditure components on 15 European countries’ technical efficiency from 1996 to 2014 by using a True Random Effect model. Using the total public expenditure as a proxy for the government size we estimate simultaneously national optimal production function and technical efficiency by controlling for income distribution and institutional quality. …

Assessing eco-efficiency: A metafrontier directional distance function approach using life cycle analysis

2017

Sustainability analysis requires a joint assessment of environmental, social and economic aspects of production processes. Here we propose the use of Life Cycle Analysis (LCA), a metafrontier (MF) directional distance function (DDF) approach, and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), to assess technological and managerial differences in eco-efficiency between production systems. We use LCA to compute six environmental and health impacts associated with the production processes of nearly 200 Spanish citrus farms belonging to organic and conventional farming systems. DEA is then employed to obtain joint economic-environmental farm's scores that we refer to as eco-efficiency. DDF allows us to deter…

Hotel chain performance: a gravity-DEA approach

2011

Performance in business management can be measured in terms of competitiveness and efficiency. Generally speaking, competitiveness is a comparative concept of the ability of a firm, sub-sector or country to sell and supply goods and/or services in a given market, as measured by its market share. Particularly in competitive markets, efficiency plays a key role in determining this ability but it is not, by itself, sufficient. Indeed, while competitiveness has more to do with “pursuing the correct strategy” towards the conservation and/or increase of the market share, operational efficiency is mainly a measure of how well the firm, sub-sector or country under study processes inputs to achieve …

La presa di Palermo

2006

La situation actuelle de la protection du droit à la terre de las communautés 'quilombolas' et futurs défis

2016

Resumo: A construção da nação brasileira atravessou o período da escravidão, que, ao desaparecer, não incluiu o negro de maneira efetiva na sociedade. Desde o final do século XX, as reivindicações desses grupos se tornaram frequentes, gerando uma política compensatória, refletida no contexto legislativo. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste artigo é examinar a efetividade do direito das comunidades quilombolas aos títulos das terras por elas habitadas. Para isso, a proposta de Emenda Constitucional 215/2000 será analisada. Abstract: The construction of the Brazilian nation went through the period of slavery. Once it was abolished, black people were not included effectively in society. Since the …

Endosymbiont communities in Bemisia tabaci: a metagenomic approach

2014

Este trabajo es parte de un programa de investigación que tiene como objetivo dilucidar la evolución de las bacterias endosimbiontes utilizando los consorcios insecto-bacteria como modelo. Los diferentes estudios realizados sobre los insectos y sus bacterias endosimbiontes han arrojado luz sobre los cambios ocurridos tras la adquisición de una forma de vida intracelular, así cómo la interacción entre diferentes endosimbiontes formando comunidades endosimbioticas. Dos son los objetivos principales de este trabajo. El primera (capítulos “Portiera y su socio Hamiltonella” y “El tercer pasajero: Cardinium cBtQ1)” trata de analizar y describir las relaciones de la comunidad endosimbiótica en B. …

The role of freshwater copepods in the environmental risk assessment of caffeine and propranolol mixtures in the surface water bodies of Spain

2019

In this study we aimed at assessing: (i) the environmental risk posed by mixtures of caffeine and propranolol to the freshwater ecosystems of Spain; (ii) the sensitivity of freshwater copepod species to the two compounds; (iii) if the toxicity of caffeine and propranolol to freshwater copepods contributes to the environmental risk posed by the two compounds in the freshwater bodies of Spain. The environmental risk was computed as the ratio of MECs (i.e. the measured environmental concentrations) to PNECs (i.e. the respective predicted no-effect concentrations). The effects of caffeine and propranolol on the freshwater cyclopoid Diacyclops crassicaudis crassicaudis were tested both individua…

Entrando in città dopo la distruzione: Ermocrate e i proasteia di Himera

2023

Prendendo spunto dal testo di Diodoro, che cita i proasteia di Himera, dove Ermocrate si accampò dopo la distruzione della città nel 409 a.C., si prende in esame il “quartiere portuale” al di là del fiume, analizzando le caratteristiche insediative e le funzioni degli edifici, come sono state delineate dagli scavatori alcuni anni fa. Si giunge alla conclusione che il “quartiere” sia interpretabile come un proasteion ateichiston, una vera e propria proiezione dell’abitato fuori le mura, con valenze più complesse di un semplice sobborgo commerciale. Il confronto con i proasteia di Siracusa permette di delineare la complessità delle motivazioni che giustificano la proiezione delle città oltre …

Síntesis de los estudios sobre moluscos continentales neógenos del sector septentrional de la Depresión de Teruel: período 1775-1998

2006

Se recopila y analiza la información que se considera más relevante y se encuentra contenida en los estudios realizados sobre el registro fósil de los moluscos neógenos del sector septentrional de la Depresión de Teruel en el período comprendido entre los años 1775 y 1998. Se contabilizan, por una parte, el número total de taxones diferentes mencionados en cada trabajo y, por otra, sólo el número de citas efectuadas a nivel de especie en cada uno de ellos. Estas últimas se organizan en tres categorías que reciben el nombre de citas nuevas, especies nuevas y citas repetidas. Se propone, a partir de la información contenida en cada trabajo, el número de taxones contemplados, y la tipología de…

Le monastère Saint-Pierre d'Osor (île de Cres) : cinquième campagne d'études archéologiques

2011

U ovome radu izloženi su rezultati peta kampanje arheoloških i konzervatorskih istraživanja benediktinskog samostana i crkve Sv. Petra u Osoru na otoku Cresu, održane tijekom svibnja i lipnja 2010. godine, koja je dio znanstvenoga projekta MIC-a za kasnu antiku i srednji vijek Sveučilišta u Zagrebu i istraživačkog centra ARTeHIS C.N.R.S.–a iz Dijona, te Konzervatorskoga odjela u Rijeci. Osnovni rezultati tiču se istraživanja srednjovjekovnoga groblja smještenoga iza začelja crkve kao i kasnoantičkih stambenih građevina. Također su predstavljeni rezultati sondažnih istraživanja sjeverno i južno od crkve. Zahvaljujući korištenju različitih metoda istraživanja (geofizička istraživanja, arheolo…