Search results for "Topping"

showing 10 items of 56 documents

Search for Magnetic Monopoles with the MoEDAL Forward Trapping Detector in 13 TeV Proton-Proton Collisions at the LHC

2017

MoEDAL is designed to identify new physics in the form of long-lived highly-ionising particles produced in high-energy LHC collisions. Its arrays of plastic nuclear-track detectors and aluminium trapping volumes provide two independent passive detection techniques. We present here the results of a first search for magnetic monopole production in 13 TeV proton-proton collisions using the trapping technique, extending a previous publication with 8 TeV data during LHC run-1. A total of 222 kg of MoEDAL trapping detector samples was exposed in the forward region and analysed by searching for induced persistent currents after passage through a superconducting magnetometer. Magnetic charges excee…

Magnetic monopolesProtonMagnetismPhysics beyond the Standard ModelGeneral Physics and Astronomy01 natural sciences7. Clean energyHigh Energy Physics - Experimentlaw.inventionCOLLIDERHigh Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)STOPPING-POWERlawPhysics02 Physical SciencesLarge Hadron ColliderSTABLE MASSIVE PARTICLESPhysicsMagnetismDrell–Yan processhep-phPersistent currents3. Good healthHigh Energy Physics - PhenomenologyPhysical SciencesELECTROWEAK MONOPOLEParticle Physics - ExperimentGeneral PhysicsMagnetometerPhysics MultidisciplinaryMagnetic monopoleFOS: Physical sciencesNuclear track detector114 Physical sciencesNuclear physicsPhysics and Astronomy (all)Tellurium compoundsHigh energy physics Magnetism Magnetometers Highly ionizing particles Magnetic charges Magnetic monopoles Nuclear track detector Passive detection Persistent currents Proton proton collisions Trapping techniques Tellurium compounds0103 physical sciencesHigh energy physics010306 general physicsColliderIONIZING PARTICLESScience & TechnologyProton proton collisionshep-ex010308 nuclear & particles physicsMagnetometers Highly ionizing particlesMagnetic chargesTrapping techniquesPassive detectionSTATES
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Statistical criteria for early-stopping of support vector machines

2007

This paper proposes the use of statistical criteria for early-stopping support vector machines, both for regression and classification problems. The method basically stops the minimization of the primal functional when moments of the error signal (up to fourth order) become stationary, rather than according to a tolerance threshold of primal convergence itself. This simple strategy induces lower computational efforts and no significant differences are observed in terms of performance and sparsity.

Mathematical optimizationEarly stoppingStructured support vector machinebusiness.industryCognitive NeuroscienceMachine learningcomputer.software_genreRegressionProbability vectorComputer Science ApplicationsSupport vector machineRelevance vector machineArtificial IntelligenceConvergence (routing)MinificationArtificial intelligencebusinesscomputerMathematicsNeurocomputing
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Optimal selection of the four best of a sequence

1993

We consider the situation in which the decision-maker is allowed to have four choices with purpose to choose exactly the four absolute best candidates fromN applicants. The optimal stopping rule and the maximum probability of making the right choice are given for largeN∈N, the maximum asymptotic value of the best choice being limN→∞P(win)≈0.12706.

Mathematical optimizationSequenceGeneral MathematicsValue (economics)Stopping ruleOptimal stopping ruleOptimal stoppingManagement Science and Operations ResearchMathematical economicsSoftwareSelection (genetic algorithm)Secretary problemMathematicsZOR Zeitschrift f� Operations Research Methods and Models of Operations Research
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Optimal Impulse Control When Control Actions Have Random Consequences

1997

We consider a generalised impulse control model for controlling a process governed by a stochastic differential equation. The controller can only choose a parameter of the probability distribution of the consequence of his control action which is therefore random. We state optimality results relating the value function to quasi-variational inequalities and a formal optimal stopping problem. We also remark that the value function is a viscosity solution of the quasi-variational inequalities which could lead to developments and convergence proofs of numerical schemes. Further, we give some explicit examples and an application in financial mathematics, the optimal control of the exchange rate…

Mathematical optimizationStochastic differential equationControl theoryGeneral MathematicsBellman equationMathematical financeProbability distributionOptimal stoppingManagement Science and Operations ResearchViscosity solutionOptimal controlComputer Science ApplicationsMathematicsMathematics of Operations Research
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Slowing down of 1.3–3.5 MeV/u Fe, Kr and I ions in ten metals

2000

Abstract Stopping powers for 1.3–3.5 MeV/u 56 Fe, 80, 84 Kr and 127 I ions in Mg, V, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Nb, Sn, Ta and Au have been determined by a transmission technique exposing the metallic sample foils to the direct ion beam. No previous data have been published for Mg, V, Fe, Co, Nb, Sn or Ta stopping media with these ion energies. The experimental results are compared with parametrizations of the stopping powers found in the literature (SRIM-2000 and Hubert’s parametrization). Discrepancies as high as 21 and 16% are observed for SRIM and Hubert’s parametrization, respectively. However, there is agreement between the present results and other experimental data available at corresponding i…

MetalEnergy lossRadiationIon beamChemistryvisual_artvisual_art.visual_art_mediumAnalytical chemistryStopping power (particle radiation)Atomic physicsIonRadiation Physics and Chemistry
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Measurements of the stopping forces for heavy ions in Ge, Ag and Au using novel ‘polka-dot’ detectors

2006

Measurements of the stopping forces for C-14, N-14 and O-16 ions in Ge and Au, for N-14 and F-19 ions in Ag, as well as for F-19 ions in Au have been made, respectively. A novel technique, reported recently, using PIN diodes coated directly with the stopping medium in a polka dot pattern was used. This provided a set of precise, self-consistent measurements on the same stopping medium. Results show small but significant deviations from SRIM stopping predictions and are also compared to a recently-developed empirical stopping force predictor.

Novel techniquePhysicsNuclear and High Energy PhysicsEnergy lossDetectorPIN diodeNova (laser)Ionlaw.inventionlawStopping power (particle radiation)Polka dotAtomic physicsInstrumentationNuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms
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Rate capability of a cryogenic stopping cell for uranium projectile fragments produced at 1000 MeV/u

2016

At the Low-Energy Branch (LEB) of the Super-FRS at FAIR, projectile and fission fragments will be produced at relativistic energies, separated in-flight, energy-bunched, slowed down and thermalized in a cryogenic stopping cell (CSC) filled with ultra-pure He gas. The fragments are extracted from the stopping cell using a combination of DC and RF electric fields and gas flow. A prototype CSC for the LEB has been developed and successfully commissioned at the FRS Ion Catcher at GSI. Ionization of He buffer gas atoms during the stopping of energetic ions creates a region of high space charge in the stopping cell. The space charge decreases the extraction efficiency of stopping cells since the …

Nuclear and High Energy PhysicsEXTRACTIONFissionBuffer gasION-CATCHER01 natural sciencesSpace chargeIonHEAVY-IONSNuclear physicsMOBILITIESElectric fieldIonization0103 physical sciencesRate capabilityddc:530SPECTROMETER010306 general physicsNuclear ExperimentInstrumentationSUPER-FRSHIGH-PRECISION EXPERIMENTSta114010308 nuclear & particles physicsChemistryProjectileBEAMSPERFORMANCEGAS CELLSpace chargeExtraction efficiencyExtraction timeCryogenic gas-filled stopping cellAtomic physicsBeam (structure)Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms
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Nonlinear calculations of the energy loss of slow ions in an electron gas

1986

Abstract The stopping power of an electron gas for slow ons was calculated based on nonlinear, density-functional methods. These new theoretical results show substatnial increases in stopping powers for protons compared to calculations based on linear theory and provide a good qualitative description of the Z1-oscillations found in experimental data.

Nuclear and High Energy PhysicsEnergy lossNonlinear systemChemistryLinear systemStopping power (particle radiation)Atomic physicsFermi gasInstrumentationIonNuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms
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New approach to energy loss measurements

2002

Abstract A new approach to energy loss measurements is proposed. In the same experiment electronic stopping force (power) in gold, nickel, carbon, polycarbonate and Havar for 40 Ar, 28 Si, 16 O, 4 He and 1 H ions in the energy range 0.12–11 MeV/u has been measured. In this paper we give the full results for gold, nickel, and carbon and for 40 Ar, 16 O, 4 He and 1 H ions. Good agreement of the measured stopping force values for light ions with literature data is interpreted as the positive test of the experimental technique. The same technique used with heavy ions yields agreement with the published data only for energies above 1 MeV/u. At lower energies we observe progressively increasing d…

Nuclear and High Energy PhysicsNickelRange (particle radiation)chemistryDetectorchemistry.chemical_elementStopping power (particle radiation)Alpha particleAtomic physicsInstrumentationFOIL methodSemiconductor detectorIonNuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms
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The FRS Ion Catcher

2013

At the FRS Ion Catcher at GSI, projectile and fission fragments are produced at relativistic energies, separated in-flight, range-focused, slowed down and thermalized in a cryogenic stopping cell. A multiple-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MR-TOF-MS) is used to perform direct mass measurements and to provide an isobarically clean beam for further experiments, such as mass-selected decay spectroscopy. A versatile RF quadrupole transport and diagnostics unit guides the ions from the stopping cell to the MR-TOF-MS, provides differential pumping, ion identification and includes reference ion sources. The FRS Ion Catcher serves as a test facility for the Low-Energy Branch of the Sup…

Nuclear and High Energy PhysicsPhysics::Instrumentation and DetectorsFissionMass spectrometry01 natural sciencesIonHEAVY-IONSNuclear physicsENERGYGSI0103 physical sciencesddc:530NuclideNuclear Experiment010306 general physicsInstrumentationSUPER-FRSDirect mass measurementta114010308 nuclear & particles physicsChemistryProjectileMultiple-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometerExtraction timeTIMECryogenic gas-filled stopping cellQuadrupoleISOBAR-SEPARATIONFacility for Antiproton and Ion ResearchAtomic physicsProjectile fragmentationBeam (structure)Exotic nucleiSYSTEMNuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms
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