Search results for "Toxic"
showing 10 items of 6968 documents
A Review of Healthcare Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (HFMEA) in Radiotherapy
2016
This paper presents a review of risk analyses in radiotherapy (RT) processes carried out by using Healthcare Failure Mode Effect Analysis (HFMEA) methodology, a qualitative method that proactively identifies risks to patients and corrects medical errors before they occur. This literature review was performed to provide an overview of how to approach the development of HFMEA applications in modern RT procedures, comparing recently published research conducted to support proactive programs to identify risks. On the basis of the reviewed literature, the paper suggests HFMEA shortcomings that need to be addressed.
Tissue bioaccumulation patterns, xenobiotic biotransformation and steroid hormone levels in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed a diet containing perfl…
2011
In the present study, groups of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were fed gelatine capsules containing fish-food spiked with PFOA or PFOS (0.2 mg kg(-1) fish) and solvent (methanol). The capsules were given at days 0, 3 and 6. Blood, liver and whole kidney samples were collected prior to exposure (no solvent control), and at days 2, 5, 8 and 14 after exposure (Note: that day 14 after exposure is equal to 7d recovery period). We report on the differences in the tissue bioaccumulation patterns of PFOS and PFOA, in addition to tissue and compound differences in modulation pattern of biotransformation enzyme genes. We observed that the level of PFOS and PFOA increased in the blood, liver …
The role of long-acting injectable antipsychotics in schizophrenia: a critical appraisal
2014
Despite their widespread use, long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics (APs) are often regarded with some negativity because of the assumption of punishment, control and insufficient evolution towards psychosocial development of patients. However, LAI APs have proved effective in schizophrenia and other severe psychotic disorders because they assure stable blood levels, leading to a reduction of the risk of relapse. Therapeutic opportunities have also arisen after introduction of newer, second-generation LAI APs in recent years. Newer LAI APs are more readily dosed optimally, may be better tolerated and are better suited to integrated rehabilitation programmes. This review outlines the …
Accuracy of SCORTEN and ABCD‐10 to predict mortality and the influence of renal function in Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis
2020
Epidermal necrolysis (EN) compromises a spectrum of life-threatening dermatoses (Stevens-Johnson Syndrome [SJS], overlap syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis [TEN]). Currently, no active therapeutic regimen with unequivocal benefit exists for SJS/TEN. SCORTEN is the widely-used prognostic scale specific for SJS/TEN. Nevertheless, a new prognostic scale, the ABCD-10, has been recently proposed. In this context, acute renal failure (ARF) seems to be an important comorbidity that could influence prognosis in SJS/TEN patients more than it is assumed by these two scales. Our objectives were to compare the accuracy of the SCORTEN and ABCD-10 scales in predicting the mortality in SJS/TEN, and t…
An exploratory study of two Caco-2 cell models for oral absorption: A report on their within-laboratory and between-laboratory variability, and their…
2010
In 2005, the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM) sponsored a study aimed at evaluating the reproducibility (between-laboratory and within-laboratory variability) and the predictive capacity of two in vitro cellular systems — the Caco-2/ATCC parental cell line and the Caco-2/TC7 clone — for estimating the oral fraction absorbed (Fa) in humans. Two laboratories, both of which had experience with Caco-2 cultures, participated in the study. Ten test chemicals with documented in vivo oral absorption data were selected. Atenolol, cimetidine and propranolol were included as reference compounds for low, medium and high intestinal absorption, respectively. Transport ex…
Advances in Alcoholism Research in Germany
2005
This article presents the proceedings of a symposium at the 2004 International Society for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism meeting in Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany, put together by the German Society of Addiction Therapy and Research (DG-Sucht e.V.). The aim was to give an overview on recent findings from animal to human studies that were conducted by several research groups engaged in the alcoholism field in Germany for longer periods. Results of his animal studies were presented by J. Wolfgramm; G. Buchringer reported on epidemiologic and psychotherapeutic research advances on alcohol-related disorders in Germany. L. G. Schmidt summarized results of novel diagnostic and therapeutic appro…
Effect of histamine on the longitudinal and circular muscle of the oestrogen dominated rat uterus.
1993
The response of the longitudinal and circular myometrial strips to histamine was studied in oestrogen-treated rats. Histamine produced a dose-related inhibitory response in KCl-contracted longitudinal and circular uterine strips. Histamine was equipotent in producing the relaxant response but the maximal effect achieved in the longitudinal muscle was higher than the circular one. Ranitidine antagonized the histamine-induced relaxation with a similar dose ratio in both longitudinal and circular strips. Clemizole and reserpine treatment did not produce any modification of the dose-response curve to histamine. In the longitudinal and circular strips which were not preconstricted by KCl, neithe…
Caffeine increases the expression of cystatin SN in human submandibular acinar-like HSG cells
2013
The study aimed at evaluating in vitro the effect of caffeine on expression of cystatin SN, a potential marker of sensitivity to bitterness in humans.Differentiation of human submandibular gland (HSG) cells was induced by culturing cells on Matrigel. Caffeine cytotoxicity was assessed over 3 days by the Resazurin test. Finally, effects of 5, 50 and 100μM caffeine exposure on cystatin SN expression were explored over 3 days by ELISA.At concentrations relevant to human adult plasma levels (5, 50 and 100μM), caffeine did not affect cell viability whether cells were differentiated or not. Cystatin SN levels were overall higher in differentiated cells and increased with time in both conditions. …
Muscle Strength and Physical Performance Are Associated with Reaction Time Performance in Older People
2021
Background: Functional mobility and muscle strength are well known risk factors for sarcopenia. Furthermore, possible associations have been suggested between predisposing factors of sarcopenia and reaction time among the elderly. This study aims to analyze possible associations of functional mobility and muscle strength and reaction times in a population of people aged >
Effect of the methacrylate-based endodontic sealer Epiphany on rat peritoneal macrophages viability
2011
Objective: To evaluate the effect of the endodontic sealer Epiphany on rat peritoneal macrophages viability. Materials and methods: Peritoneal macrophages were obtained from Wistar rats and resuspended in RPMI- 1640 medium. Undiluted (crude extract) and diluted extracts to 10%, 1%, 0.1%, 0.01%, 0.001% and 0.0001% of Epiphany, AH 26 and AH Plus sealers on RPMI-1640 medium were tested for cytotoxicity to rat peritoneal macrophages using the trypan blue dye exclusion assay. Data were analyzed statistically by the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests at 5% significance level. Results: Crude extract of Epiphany killed 51% of cells, but was less cytotoxic that crude extracts of AH Plus and AH 26…