Search results for "Toxicity"

showing 10 items of 2261 documents

Phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory and antitumour activities of four Teucrium essential oils from Greece

2009

Abstract The essential oils of four Teucrium species were studied and 150 components, in all, were identified. All oils were rich in sesquiterpenes (50.1–55.8%). Spathulenol and δ-cadinene were the main compounds of Teucrium brevifolium oil; caryophyllene and 4-vinyl guaiacol predominated in Teucrium flavum . Carvacrol and caryophyllene oxide predominated in Teucrium montbretii ssp. heliotropiifolium , while carvacrol and caryophyllene were the most abundant components in Teucrium polium ssp. capitatum . The oil which most effectively inhibited LPS-induced NO production in macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 was that from T. brevifolium (IC 50  = 7.1 μg/ml), followed by T. montbretii ssp. heliot…

Teucrium brevifolium Teucrium flavum Teucrium montbretii ssp heliotropiifolium Teucrium polium ssp capitatum Lamiaceae Essential oil Sesquiterpene Anti-inflammatory activity CytotoxicitybiologyTraditional medicinemedicine.drug_classCaryophyllenefood and beveragesGeneral Medicinebiology.organism_classificationSesquiterpeneTeucrium poliumAnti-inflammatoryfood.foodAnalytical Chemistrylaw.inventionTeucriumchemistry.chemical_compoundfoodchemistrylawBotanymedicineLamiaceaeCarvacrolEssential oilFood Science
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Rapid and eco-friendly synthesis of graphene oxide-silica nanohybrids

2014

The increasing interest in Graphene oxide (GO) is due to many issues: the presence of both sp2-conjugated atoms and oxygen-containing functional groups provides a strong hydrophilicity and the possibility to further functionalize it with other molecules (i.e. π-π interactions covalent attachment etc.) [1]. Furthermore since the GO is biocompatible and noncytotoxic many studies have been recently focused on the development of GO-based nanodevices for bioimaging DNA detection drug delivery. Due to their low cytotoxicity and large internal surface area silica nanoparticles have been taken into account as promising material for biolabeling and drug loading/delivery. Particular consideration has recently been demonstrated for GO-silica composites because of the potentialities for electrical applications their chemical inertia and stability toward ions exposure. The possibility to combine the extraordinary properties of GO and silica offers several advantages for the realization of nanoprobes for biological applications and of biosensor [12]. The strategy for the fabrication of GO-nanosilica nanohybrids can be schematized as follows: (i) synthesis of GO by oxidizing graphite powder with the method described by Marcano et al. [3] (ii) Preparation of oxygen-loaded silica nanoparticles by thermal treatments in controlled atmosphere in order to induce high NIR emission at 1272 nm from high purity silica nanoparticles. (iii) preparation of GrO-silica nanohybrid films via rapid solvent casting in water. The nanohybrids were tested by XPS FTIR Raman analysis UV photoluminescence analysis TGA Zeta potential measurements electrical tests AFM and SEM. Several nanohybrids were prepared by combining two different typologies of GO and two different samples of silica.
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Characterization of Hydrophilic Gold(I) N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Complexes as Potent TrxR Inhibitors Using Biochemical and Mass Spectrometric App…

2017

We report here on the synthesis of a series of mono-and dinuclear gold(I) complexes exhibiting sulfonated bis(NHC) ligands and novel hydroxylated mono(NHC) Au(I) compounds, which were also examined for their 'biological activities. Initial cell viability assays show strong antiproliferative activities of the hydroxylated mono(NHC) gold compounds (8 > 9 > 10) against 2008 human ovarian cancer cells even after 1 h incubation. In order to gain insight into the mechanism of biological action of the gold compounds, their effect on the pivotal cellular target seleno-enzyme thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), involved in the maintenance of intracellular redox balance, was investigated in depth. Th…

Thioredoxin Reductase 1AuranofinSilverStereochemistryThioredoxin reductaseThioredoxin Reductase 2WATER-SOLUBLE RUTHENIUM(II)Antineoplastic Agents010402 general chemistryG-quadruplexLigandsIN-VITRO CYTOTOXICITYLIGANDS SYNTHESIS01 natural sciencesInorganic Chemistrychemistry.chemical_compoundDrug StabilityThioredoxin Reductase 1Coordination ComplexesTHIOREDOXIN REDUCTASE INHIBITIONCell Line TumormedicineOrganogold CompoundsAnimalsHumansCRYSTAL-STRUCTURESPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryCANCER CELLSBIOLOGICAL-PROPERTIES010405 organic chemistryChemistryMOLECULAR-MECHANISMSDNA0104 chemical sciencesRatsG-QuadruplexesGlutathione ReductaseSolubilityBiological targetCancer cellPLATINUM ANTICANCER DRUGSMETAL-COMPLEXESGoldReactive Oxygen SpeciesCarbeneHydrophobic and Hydrophilic InteractionsOrganogold Compoundsmedicine.drugInorganic Chemistry
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Effect of potential antidotes on the acute toxicity of acrylonitrile

1981

Rats were intoxicated with lethal doses of acrylonitrile by different routes of application, and the effect of potential antidotes was studied. The cyanide antidotes 4-dimethylaminophenol plus thiosulfate showed some protective effect only after oral but not after i.p. or inhalatory acrylonitrile application. Of the sulfhydryl compounds cysteine, N-acetylcysteine, cysteamine and diethyldithiocarbamate the two antidotes cysteine and, to some lesser extent, N-acetylcysteine proved especially effective. Cysteine, at a dose of 200 mg/kg (i.p.), prevented the lethal effect of 100 mg/kg acrylonitrile (i.p.) even when given 2 h after the acrylonitrile dose. From these experiments a tentative sched…

Thiosulfatemedicine.medical_treatmentPublic Health Environmental and Occupational HealthPharmacologyAcute toxicitychemistry.chemical_compoundchemistrymedicineOrganic chemistryCysteamineAcrylonitrileAntidoteCysteineCYANIDE ANTIDOTESInternational Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health
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Does low concentration mycotoxin exposure induce toxicity in HepG2 cells through oxidative stress?

2020

The purpose of this study was to determine whether exposure to low concentrations of deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 toxin (T-2) and patulin (PAT) in a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2) exerts toxic effects through mechanisms related to oxidative stress, and how cells deal with such exposure. Cell viability was determined by the MTT and protein content (PC) assays over 24, 48 and 72 h. The IC

Time FactorsCell SurvivalHealth Toxicology and MutagenesisMitochondria LiverHepatic carcinoma010501 environmental sciencesToxicologymedicine.disease_cause01 natural sciencesPatulinInhibitory Concentration 5003 medical and health scienceschemistry.chemical_compoundmedicineHumansMycotoxinVolume concentration0105 earth and related environmental sciencesMembrane Potential Mitochondrial0303 health sciencesDose-Response Relationship DrugToxinChemistry030302 biochemistry & molecular biologyfood and beveragesHep G2 CellsMycotoxinsMolecular biologydigestive system diseasesOxidative StressT-2 ToxinPatulinHepg2 cellsToxicityHepatocytesLipid PeroxidationReactive Oxygen SpeciesTrichothecenesOxidative stressToxicology Mechanisms and Methods
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Cytotoxicity and bioactivity of various pulpotomy materials on stem cells from human exfoliated primary teeth.

2017

Aims To investigate the cytotoxicity and bioactivity of several pulpotomy materials: Biodentine (Septodont, Saint-Maur-des-Fosses, France) MTA (Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brazil), Theracal LC (Bisco Inc., Schamburg, IL, USA) and IRM (Dentsply DeTrey GmbH, Konstanz, Germany), after contact with stem cells isolated from human exfoliated primary teeth (SHEDs). Methodology SHEDs were cultured in the presence of the eluates of various pulpotomy materials for 24, 48 and 72 h. Cell viability was determined by mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzymatic (MTT) assay. Apoptosis and changes in cell phenotype were evaluated by flow cytometry. Also, an in vitro scratch wound-healing assay was used to determine th…

Time FactorsCell SurvivalPulpotomyDentistryApoptosis02 engineering and technologyMatrix (biology)In Vitro TechniquesCell morphologyFlow cytometry03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineCell MovementMaterials TestingmedicineHumansMethylmethacrylatesViability assayTooth DeciduousZinc Oxide-Eugenol CementCytotoxicityAluminum CompoundsGeneral DentistryCells Culturedmedicine.diagnostic_testChemistrybusiness.industrySilicatesStem CellsOxides030206 dentistryCalcium Compounds021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyFlow CytometryMolecular biologyStainingDrug CombinationsPhenotypeApoptosisPulpotomyMicroscopy Electron Scanning0210 nano-technologybusinessPulp Capping and Pulpectomy AgentsInternational endodontic journal
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T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity against herpes simplex virus-infected target cells

1977

THE control of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection by immunological mechanisms seems to be complex and is poorly understood. Neutralising antibodies to HSV plus complement seem to have no effect on the propagation of HSV infection, because HSV spreads to adjacent cells by passing through intercellular bridges1–3. Anti-HSV antibodies plus complement, however, destroy virus-infected cells, but cannot prevent the spread of HSV, suggesting that the virus must be transferred to neighbouring cells before immune lysis occurs1,5. Therefore if lymphocyte-mediated cytolytic mechanisms are instrumental in blocking the spread of HSV in vivo, they ought to destroy infected cells at a very early stage i…

Time FactorsCell SurvivalT-Lymphocytesvirusesmedicine.disease_causeVirusMicrobiologyMiceImmune systemmedicineAnimalsSimplexvirusCytotoxic T cellCells CulturedAntibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicityMultidisciplinarybiologyMacrophagesHerpes SimplexCytotoxicity Tests ImmunologicVirologyCTL*Herpes simplex virusMice Inbred CBAbiology.proteinAntibodyT cell mediated cytotoxicityNature
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SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND IN VITRO CYTOTOXICITY STUDIES OF A MACROMOLECULAR CONJUGATE OF PACLITAXEL BEARING OXYTOCIN AS TARGETING MOIETY.

2007

The present study describes the experimental synthetic procedure and the characterization of a new polyaspartamide macromolecular prodrug of paclitaxel, bearing oxytocin residues as targeting moieties. In vitro stability studies of bioconjugate, performed in media mimicking biological fluids (buffer solutions at pH 7.4 and 5.5) and in human plasma, evidenced the high stability of the targeting portion (oxytocin)-polymer linkage and the ability of this conjugate to release linked paclitaxel in a prolonged way in plasma. Moreover, preliminary in vitro antiproliferative studies, carried out on MCF-7 cells, that are oxytocin receptor positive cells, showed that the polymeric conjugate has the s…

Time FactorsChemistry PharmaceuticalDrug CompoundingpolyaspartamidePharmaceutical ScienceBreast NeoplasmsPolyethylene Glycolschemistry.chemical_compoundpaclitaxelDrug StabilityCell Line TumoroxytocinHumansMoietyProdrugsbioconjugateCytotoxicityCell ProliferationDrug CarriersDose-Response Relationship DrugMolecular StructureHydrolysisdrug targetingGeneral MedicineHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationAntineoplastic Agents PhytogenicOxytocin receptorIn vitroSolubilityPaclitaxelchemistryBiochemistryTargeted drug deliveryReceptors OxytocinDelayed-Action PreparationsFemalePeptidesDrug carrierBiotechnologyConjugate
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Interactions of silica nanoparticles with lung epithelial cells and the association to flotillins

2012

Amorphous silica nanoparticles (aSNPs) gain increasing popularity for industrial and therapeutic claims. The lung with its surface area of 100-140 m(2) displays an ideal target for therapeutic approaches, but it represents also a serious area of attack for harmful nanomaterials. The exact nature of the cytotoxic effects of NPs is still unknown. Furthermore, cellular pathways and the destiny of internalized NPs are still poorly understood. Therefore, we examined the cytotoxicity (MTS, LDH) and inflammatory responses (IL-8) for different-sized aSNPs (30, 70, 300 nm) on our lung epithelial cells line NCI H441 and endothelial cell line ISO-HAS-1. Additionally, colocalization studies have been c…

Time FactorsEndosomeCell SurvivalHealth Toxicology and MutagenesisEndothelial cellsCytotoxicityEndosomessilica nanoparticlesToxicologyEndocytosisTransfectionClathrinFlotillin-1siliciumFlotillin-2Alveolar-capillary barrierCell Line TumorAlveolar capillary barrierHumansInterleukin 8Inorganic CompoundsParticle SizeCytotoxicityLungbiologyDose-Response Relationship DrugL-Lactate DehydrogenaseInterleukin-8Membrane ProteinsInflammatory responseEpithelial CellsGeneral MedicineTransfectionSilicon DioxideEndocytosisCell biologyLung epithelial cellsEndothelial stem cellEndocytic vesiclebiology.proteinNanoparticlesRNA InterferenceInflammation Mediators
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Effects of propanil on the European eel Anguilla anguilla and post-exposure recovery using selected biomarkers as effect criteria

2008

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the physiological response of Anguilla anguilla to propanil and the degree of recovery after being moved to clean water. Preliminary acute toxicity test was carried out in the laboratory and the median lethal concentration (LC50) at 96 h was calculated as 31.33 mg/L (29.60–33.59 mg/L). NOEC and LOEC values (at 96 h) were also calculated as 20 and 25 mg/L, respectively. The fish were exposed to 0.63 and 3.16 mg/L of propanil for 72 h and allowed to recover for 144 h. Total proteins (TPs), γ -glutamil transpeptidase ( γ -GT), alanin aminotransferase (AlAT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and water content (WC) were assayed i…

Time FactorsHealth Toxicology and MutagenesisPropanilBiologyAndrologychemistry.chemical_compoundLactate dehydrogenasePropanilToxicity Tests AcuteAnimalsMuscle Skeletalchemistry.chemical_classificationNo-Observed-Adverse-Effect LevelL-Lactate DehydrogenasePesticide residueHerbicidesPublic Health Environmental and Occupational HealthAlanine TransaminaseAquatic animalOrgan SizeRecovery of Functiongamma-GlutamyltransferaseGeneral MedicineAlkaline PhosphataseAnguillaPollutionAcute toxicityEnzymeLiverchemistryBiochemistryToxicityAlkaline phosphataseBiomarkersWater Pollutants ChemicalEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety
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