Search results for "Trachea"

Accuracy of automatic airway morphometry in computed tomography-correlation of radiological-pathological findings.

2010

Abstract Objectives Airway morphology shows characteristic changes in different pathologies. This study assesses the accuracy of a current automatic airway assessment technique by correlating CT images of porcine airways to histological slices of the same localization. Materials and methods Four isolated and ventilated porcine lungs were frozen in a liquid nitrogen bath and examined with a CT scanner (MDCT). This technique both preserved normal radiomorphological appearance and made it possible to slice the specimens for histological examination for subsequent correlation. The parameters wall thickness (WT), wall percentage (WP), and total diameter (TD) were assessed by computer-aided measu…

Proliferative effect of acetylcholine on rat trachea epithelial cells is mediated by nicotinic receptors and muscarinic receptors of the M1-subtype.

2003

Acetylcholine (ACh), synthesized in mammalian non-neuronal cells such as epithelial cells of the airways, digestive tract and skin, is involved in the regulation of basic cell functions (so-called non-neuronal cholinergic system). In the present experiments rat trachea epithelial cells have been cultured to study the proliferative effect of applied ACh by [3H]thymidine incorporation. ACh (exposure time 24 h) caused a concentration-dependent increase in cell proliferation with a doubling of the [3H]thymidine incorporation at a concentration of 0.1 microM. This effect was partly reduced by 30 microM tubocurarine and completely abolished by the additional application of 1 microM atropine. The …

The pharmacological rationale for combining muscarinic receptor antagonists and beta-adrenoceptor agonists in the treatment of airway and bladder dis…

2014

Highlights • Muscarinic receptors increase smooth muscle tone in airways and urinary bladder. • β-Adrenoceptors relax smooth muscle tone and oppose muscarinic contraction. • Opposition involves transmitter release, signal transduction and receptor expression. • This supports the combined use of muscarinic antagonists and β-adrenoceptor agonists.

2017

Purpose It is generally accepted that using a video laryngoscope is associated with an improved visualization of the glottis. However, correctly placing the endotracheal tube might be challenging. Channeled video laryngoscopic blades have an endotracheal tube already pre-loaded, allowing to advance the tube once the glottis is visualized. We hypothesized that use of a channel blade with pre-loaded endotracheal tube results in a faster intubation, compared to a curved Macintosh blade video laryngoscope. Methods After ethical approval and informed consent, patients were randomized to receive endotracheal Intubation with either the King Vision® video laryngoscope with curved blade (control) or…

Achalasia with megaesophagus and tracheal compression in a young patient: A case report.

2015

Highlights • This report emphasizes that physicians should be alert and consider airway obstruction and signs of dyspnea as severe and threatening symptoms in extensive cases of achalasia with megaesophagus. • Early surgical treatment provides a therapeutic option to obviate the occurrence of acute respiratory distress and consecutive complications. • In particular, difficulties in intubation prior to surgery must be considered. Due to potential tracheomalacia, the status of “bull frog neck” in achalasia, including severe tracheal compression caused by megaesophagus with concomitant cervical swelling, may also lead to extubation problems and deserves special care in the postoperative period.

676 NECESSITY OF EXTENDED LOWER PARATRACHEAL LYMPH NODE RESECTION DURING ESOPHAGECTOMY FOR CANCER

2021

Abstract Objective To evaluate the impact of lower paratracheal lymph node resection on oncological radicality and complication rate during esophagectomy for cancer. Backround The ideal extend of lymphadenectomy (LAD) in esophageal surgery is debated. Until today, there has been no proof for improved survival after standardized paratracheal lymph node resection performing oncological esophagectomy. Methods Lymph nodes from the lower paratracheal station are not standardly resected during 2-field Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. Retrospectively, we identified 200 patients operated in our center for esophageal cancer from January 2017—December 2019. Histopathologically, 143 pat…

The Orogastric Tube Guide® as a novel strategy for gastric tube insertion: a prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial

2020

BACKGROUND Gastric tube insertion, either orally or nasally, is daily practice in anesthesia and intensive care. "Blind" insertion represents the common conventional method and is associated with low first-pass success and frequent complications. This trial aimed to evaluate the novel gastric tube guide as a rigid conduit in regard to insertion success rate, time required and associated complications versus the conventional "blind" insertion method. We hypothesized that the insertion success rate is higher using the Orogastric tube guide. METHODS This trial was approved by ethics committee prior to patient recruitment. In a randomized order, anesthetists performed oral insertion of a gastri…

Franz Kuhn, his contribution to anaesthesia and emergency medicine.

2001

Franz Kuhn (1866-1929), a German surgeon, made a significant practical and scientific contribution towards the development of modern anaesthesia and emergency medicine. He developed modern, scientifically based concepts in close correlation to practical inventions for every day use. All of his studies and developments were patient orientated and led to remarkable improvements in patient safety. Kuhn was a major protagonist of endotracheal intubation, perfected his flexo-metallic endotracheal tubes, worked on different techniques of intubating the trachea, applied positive pressure to the lungs during thoracic surgery and developed anaesthesia machines. In the early 20th century, he wrote se…

AIRWAY MANAGEMENT IN TRAUMA PATIENTS

1999

Complications related to airway management in traumatized patients are common and, because of the importance and vulnerability of the ventilatory system, can be life threatening within a very short time. 25,39,48 Therefore, airway management is perhaps the most vital component in the treatment of traumatized patients. Patients who have suffered major trauma can present the most complex airway management problems, especially in the prehospital setting. 19 Because the treatment is time-critical, the evaluation of injuries is usually incomplete at the time airway management is undertaken. If the airway is injured, attempts to secure the airway by performing endotracheal intubation or insertion…

Subglottic stenosis imitating the carina – a case report of airway mimicry

2021

Summary We present a case of awake tracheal intubation with flexible bronchoscopy which resulted in incorrect tracheal tube placement. The presence of a stenotic subglottic lesion with an appearance similar to the carina led to the tube being positioned with only the tip within the trachea whilst the cuff was located between the vocal cords. A capnography trace was identified before induction of anaesthesia; however, visual confirmation of the carina was undertaken in a rushed manner due to the patient becoming agitated. Once the incorrect tracheal tube placement was identified, the decision was made to wake the patient. Thereafter, a more experienced operator successfully performed awake t…