Search results for "Trade agreement"
showing 5 items of 25 documents
The internationalisation of the Spanish food industry: the home market effect and European market integration
2015
<p>The objective of this study was to analyse, from a long-term perspective, the factors determining the process of the internationalisation of the Spanish agrifood industry. The paper concentrates on the empirical verification of the existence of a home market effect in the food and drink industries in Spain and on the effects on trade flows of integration into the European Union. With this aim in mind, we took into account the latest contributions to the estimation of the gravity equation for a sample of export flows from 13 agrifood subsectors between 1970 and 2012, with a destination of 175 markets. From the results of the study the existence of the “home market effect” stands out…
Wines and spirits in the comprehensive and economic trade agreement (CETA): an analysis
2021
Il saggio analizza l’accordo commerciale globale ed economico (CETA) tra l’Unione Europea e il Canada limitatamente al commercio di vino e spiriti. L’Accordo, avente l’obiettivo di rilanciare il commercio e aumentare la crescita del mercato e l’occupazione, nonostante sia stato ratificato dalla maggioranza dei Paesi dell’Unione, non è ancora stato ratificato dall’Italia. Si guarda, quindi, in modo critico alle modi che che il CETA ha apportato all’accordo CE – Canada del 2003 volto a creare condizioni più favorevoli per lo sviluppo armonioso del commercio di vino e bevande spiritose sulla base dei principi di uguaglianza e vantaggio reciproco. The paper analyzed the Annex dedicated to win…
Integración y transformación económica en África: potencial y limitaciones del Área de Libre Comercio Continental Africana
2021
In March 2018, the African Union gave way to the establishment of the African Continental Free Trade Area, the largest area of economic integration in the world by number of countries involved. As of June 2020, 54 out of 55 African Union member countries have already signed the agreement, thus showing an almost complete unanimity on this topic. AfCFTA comes up when industrialisation strategies and economic transformation in Africa seem to have taken over orthodox structural adjustment and post-adjustment approaches. AfCFTA aims to increase the scarce intra-African trade, boost economic transformation, create the regional value chains and help African firms to join the global value chains. I…
Regional Economic Integration in the Southern African Development Community (SADC): Analysing the Dynamics and Performance
2020
This article analyses the dynamics and performance of regional economic integration in the Southern African Development Community (SADC). It proposes an innovative theoretical approach to the analysis of regionalism that refers to cooperation theory and takes the impact of external actors explicitly into account. The motivation for this research stems from the observation of a new wave of regionalism in the Global South. Many of these new or reformed regional integration organisations (RIOs) comprise of developing countries, particularly in Africa. In contrast to expectations of most mainstream integration theories, new regionalisms in the Southern Hemisphere have come into existence and sh…
Investor-state dispute settlement - podstępne zagrożenie dla sprawnego działania administracji publicznej
2017
ISDS (investor-state dispute settlement, znany także jako ICS - investment court system) to umowny mechanizm rozstrzygania sporów między inwestorem a państwem. Polega on na możliwości zaskarżenia państwa przez przedsiębiorcę (inwestora) do arbitrażu wówczas, gdy państwo wydaje lub wykorzystuje przepisy ograniczające zyski przedsiębiorstwa (praktyki dyskryminujące). Arbitrami ISDS jest kilkunastu sowicie opłacanych prawników, pracujących dla wielkich kancelarii międzynarodowych, którzy niemal nigdy nie orzekają na korzyść państwa. Przedsiębiorca może żądać wysokiego odszkodowania: nie tylko zwrotu utraconych korzyści, lecz także spodziewanych zysków, których wysokości nie musi nawet drobiazg…