Search results for "Trait"
showing 10 items of 1361 documents
Effect of hairless gene polymorphism on the breeding values of milk production traits in Valle del Belice dairy sheep
2013
The aim of this work was to assess the association between the hairless genotypes and estimated breeding values (EBVs) for milk yield (MY), fat (FAT) and protein (PRT) content in Valle del Belice dairy sheep breed. A data set from 465 randomly chosen unrelated individuals was analyzed. EBV for MY, FAT and PRT contents were estimated by REML analysis of a single trait repeatability animal model. The genotype effect on EBV was assessed by ANOVA and by the Tukey–Kramer multiple comparison test. The PCR-SSCP test showed the presence of CC and CT genotypes in Valle del Belice individuals. Some differences in milk production traits between the genotypes were found. For MY, individuals with CT gen…
Thalassemia (Microkarterocytosis) and Drepanocytosis their Forms and Genetics
1952
SummaryThalassemia, that I propose to call Microkarterocytosis, can be divided into three forms to be distinguished under the names of minima (healthy carriers), minor (Rietti and Greppi's disease), major (Cooley disease).It can be inferred that Thalassemia is a mutation developped in a mediterranean superior paleolitic race that showed also the character high cheek bones.In my researches of 1941-42 I for first showed that thalassemia is a dominant hereditary character with homozigotic letal effect (heterozigotes the healthy carriers, homozigotes Cooley' patients).Heterozigotes throug an increased expression of the morbid gene develop Rietti and Greppi disease, as I inferred in 1949.The res…
Multiple quantitative trait loci influence intra-specific variation in genital morphology between phylogenetically distinct lines of Drosophila monta…
2011
The evolution of animal genitalia has gained renewed interest because of their potential roles during sexual selection and early stages of species formation. Although central to understanding the evolutionary process, knowledge of the genetic basis of natural variation in genital morphology is limited to a very few species. Using an outbred cross between phylogenetically distinct lines of Drosophila montana, we characterized quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting the size and shape of the distiphallus, a prominent part of the male intromittent organ. Our microsatellite-based linkage analysis shows that intra-specific variation in the distiphallus involves several QTLs of largely additive …
A single nucleotide deletion at the C1 inhibitor gene as the cause of hereditary angioedema: insights from a Brazilian family
2011
To cite this article: Ferraro MF, Moreno AS, Castelli EC, Donadi EA, Palma MS, Arcuri HA, Lange AP, Bork K, Sarti W, Arruda LK. A single nucleotide deletion at the C1 inhibitor gene as the cause of hereditary angioedema: insights from a Brazilian family.Allergy 2011; 66: 1384–1390. Abstract Background: Hereditary angioedema is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by episodes of subcutaneous and submucosal edema. It is caused by deficiency of the C1 inhibitor protein, leading to elevated levels of bradykinin. More than 200 mutations in C1 inhibitor gene have been reported. The aim of this study was to analyze clinical features of a large family with an index case of hereditary angioe…
Inbreeding depression in intraspecific metabolic scaling
2013
Metabolic scaling (i.e., the relationship between the size and metabolic rate of organisms) has been suggested to explain a large variety of biological patterns from individual growth to species diversity. However, considerable disagreement remains regarding the underlying causes of metabolic scaling patterns, and what these patterns are. As in all biology, understanding metabolic scaling will require understanding its evolution by natural selection. We searched for evidence of natural selection on metabolic scaling indirectly by manipulating the genetic quality of male and female Drosophila montana flies with induced mutations and inbreeding, building on the notion that mutations and inbre…
On the resolution of the lek paradox.
2007
Directional female mate choice is expected to deplete additive genetic variation in male traits. This should preclude such trait-based choice from resulting in genetic benefits to offspring, and yet genetic benefits are the explanation for the choice. This evolutionary conundrum is known as the lek paradox. Newly proposed resolutions to this paradox aim to unravel mechanisms that contribute to the persistence of genetic variance in traits under directional female mate choice.
Changes in chromosomal polymorphism when selecting for a neutral trait inDrosophila subobscura
1986
The changes which occurred in the chromosomal polymorphism ofDrosophila subobscura when selecting for abdominal bristle number were analysed. A decrease in the diversity of arrangements and an increase in homozygosity over the selection experiment were found. These changes were stronger in selection than in control lines.
Polymorphism and chromosomal localization of the porcine signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B gene (STAT5B).
2006
Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) are a family of transcription factors. STAT5A and 5B are two highly related proteins encoded by two distinct genes. Transgenic knockout mice studies have indicated the importance of STAT5 proteins for the regulation of both lactation and growth performance. Moreover, different studies determine the role of STAT5 proteins in the modulation of adipocyte function. In this study, we sequenced one fragment of STAT5B gene from animals of six breeds (Duroc, Iberian, Landrace, Large White, Pie´train and Meishan) to identify genetic variants. A G/A single nucleotide polymorphism in intron 14 creates a polymorphic PstI restriction site and wa…
Roles of adenine methylation and genetic mutations in adaptation to different temperatures in Serratia marcescens
2019
AbstractEpigenetic modifications can contribute to adaptation, but the relative contributions of genetic and epigenetic variation are unknown. Previous studies on the role of epigenetic changes in adaptation in eukaryotes have nearly exclusively focused on cytosine methylation (m5C), while prokaryotes exhibit a richer system of methyltransferases targetting adenines (m6A) or cytosines (m4C, m5C). DNA methylation in prokaryotes has many roles, but its potential role in adaptation still needs further investigation. We collected phenotypic, genetic, and epigenetic data using single molecule real-time sequencing of clones of the bacterium Serratia marcescens that had undergone experimental evol…
Genic capture and resolving the lek paradox
2006
The genic capture hypothesis offers a resolution to the question of how genetic variation in male sexually selected traits is maintained in the face of strong female preferences. The hypothesis is that male display traits are costly to produce and hence depend upon overall condition, which itself is dependent upon genes at many loci. Few attempts have been made to test the assumptions and predictions of the genic capture hypothesis rigorously and, in particular, little attention has been paid to determining the genetic basis of condition. Such tests are crucial to our understanding of the maintenance of genetic variation and in the evaluation of recent models that propose a role for sexual …