Search results for "Trait"

COMPARING EVOLVABILITIES: COMMON ERRORS SURROUNDING THE CALCULATION AND USE OF COEFFICIENTS OF ADDITIVE GENETIC VARIATION

2012

In 1992, David Houle showed that measures of additive genetic variation standardized by the trait mean, CVA (the coefficient of additive genetic variation) and its square (IA), are suitable measures of evolvability. CVA has been used widely to compare patterns of genetic variation. However, the use of CVAs for comparative purposes relies critically on the correct calculation of this parameter. We reviewed a sample of quantitative genetic studies, focusing on sire models, and found that 45% of studies use incorrect methods for calculating CVA and that practices that render these coefficients meaningless are frequent. This may have important consequences for conclusions drawn from comparative…

2014

Genetic factors underlie a substantial proportion of individual differences in cognitive functions in humans, including processes related to episodic and working memory. While genetic association studies have proposed several candidate "memory genes", these currently explain only a minor fraction of the phenotypic variance. Here, we performed genome-wide screening on 13 episodic and working memory phenotypes in 1,318 participants of the Berlin Aging Study II aged 60 years or older. The analyses highlight a number of novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with memory performance, including one located in a putative regulatory region of microRNA (miRNA) hsa-mir-138-5p (rs9882…

Offspring performance is linked to parental identity and male breeding ornamentation in whitefish

2009

The ‘good genes’ hypothesis predicts that males advertise their quality with different sexual ornaments and that females are able to recognize the genetic quality of males by evaluating these characteristics. In the present study, we investigated the parental effects on offspring performance (feeding and swimming ability of newly-hatched larvae) and examined whether male ornamentation indicates offspring success in performance trials of whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus Linnaeus). Offspring first-feeding success had a strong paternal effect and it was also positively correlated with the size of male breeding tubercles, indicating that breeding ornamentation of males can function as an honest i…

Lactase persistence and milk consumption in Europe: an interdisciplinary approach involving genetics and archeology:

2013

The ability to digest milk during adulthood (lactase persistence) is a genetically determined trait present only in humans. Its origin and diffusion are correlated with the development of pastoralism and the consumption of fresh milk. This work will present the genetic and archaeologi- cal data that allow the reconstruction of the co-evolutionary process between dairying culture and lactase persistence, as well as a discussion of the chronology and the way lactase persistence spread in Europe. Sposobnost presnavljanja mleka v odrasli dobi (laktazna persistenca) je genetsko pogojena značilnost, navzoča le pri ljudeh. Njen izvor in razširitev sta povezana z razvojem pastirstva in uživanjem sv…

Estudio genético molecular del síndrome de Usher en España

2005

Usher syndrome (USH) associates deafness and retinitis pigmentosa (RP). It is a disease both clinically and genetically heterogeneous. It is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait and its prevalence makes it the most frequent association of hearing loss and RP. Clinically Usher syndrome is divided into type I (USH1), II (USH2) and III (USH3), according to the severity of hearing loss, age of onset of RP and the existence or not of vestibular dysfunction. There are at least 7 different localizations for USH1 and 5 genes have been identified. For USH2, 3 loci and 2 genes have been reported and USH3 is due to Clarin-1 gene. Our aim is to perform a clinical and genetic characterization of al…

Genome-wide association study for milk production traits in an economically important local dairy sheep breed

2021

In this study, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for five milk production traits in the Valle del Belice sheep. Repeated measurements for milk yield (MY), fat percentage and yield (F% and FY) and protein percentage and yield (P% and PY) on 481 ewes, were available for the analysis. The animals were genotyped using the Illumina Ovine 50k BeadChip. Weighted deregressed breeding values (DEBVw) were used as phenotypes for GWAS analysis. A total of 23 genome-wide significant SNPs were identified: 3 associated with MY, 9 with FY, and 11 with P%. Several SNPs mapped within known candidate genes or previously reported QTL for milk production traits in livestock species. Additional…

Selective phenotyping, entropy reduction, and the mastermind game.

2011

Abstract Background With the advance of genome sequencing technologies, phenotyping, rather than genotyping, is becoming the most expensive task when mapping genetic traits. The need for efficient selective phenotyping strategies, i.e. methods to select a subset of genotyped individuals for phenotyping, therefore increases. Current methods have focused either on improving the detection of causative genetic variants or their precise genomic location separately. Results Here we recognize selective phenotyping as a Bayesian model discrimination problem and introduce SPARE (Selective Phenotyping Approach by Reduction of Entropy). Unlike previous methods, SPARE can integrate the information of p…

Genome-wide scan for selection signatures reveals novel insights into the adaptive capacity in local North African cattle

2020

International audience; Natural-driven selection is supposed to have left detectable signatures on the genome of North African cattle which are often characterized by the fixation of genetic variants associated with traits under selection pressure and/or an outstanding genetic differentiation with other populations at particular loci. Here, we investigate the population genetic structure and we provide a first outline of potential selection signatures in North African cattle using single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping data. After comparing our data to African, European and indicine cattle populations, we identified 36 genomic regions using three extended haplotype homozygosity statistic…

Conservatism and novelty in the genetic architecture of adaptation in Heliconius butterflies.

2015

Understanding the genetic architecture of adaptive traits has been at the centre of modern evolutionary biology since Fisher; however, evaluating how the genetic architecture of ecologically important traits influences their diversification has been hampered by the scarcity of empirical data. Now, high-throughput genomics facilitates the detailed exploration of variation in the genome-to-phenotype map among closely related taxa. Here, we investigate the evolution of wing pattern diversity in Heliconius, a clade of neotropical butterflies that have undergone an adaptive radiation for wing-pattern mimicry and are influenced by distinct selection regimes. Using crosses between natural wing-pat…

Influence des facteurs socio-économiques et géographiques sur l'incidence, l'accès aux soins et la survie des femmes atteintes d'un cancer du sein

2012

In developed countries, breast cancer is currently the leading cancer in women in terms of incidence and mortality (standardized rate of 101.5 and 17.7 per 100,000 person-years in 2005, respectively). Many risk factors and prognostic factors have been studied and are well known. Research is under way with regard to every step in the development of breast cancer, but the impact of socio-economic and geographic factors, at the individual and environmental level with regard to the disease have never been studied in France.The general aim of this work was to explore the impact of these factors in different ways to build on our knowledge and to develop practical applications in the primary, seco…