Search results for "Trans-Activators"

showing 3 items of 113 documents

PGC-1α: a master gene that is hard to master

2012

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) is a transcriptional coactivator that favorably affects mitochondrial function. This concept is supported by an increasing amount of data including studies in PGC-1α gene-deleted mice, suggesting that PGC-1α is a rescue factor capable of boosting cell metabolism and promoting cell survival. However, this view has now been called into question by a recent study showing that adeno-associated virus-mediated PGC-1α overexpression causes overt cell degeneration in dopaminergic neurons. How is this to be understood, and can these seemingly conflicting findings tell us something about the role of PGC-1α in cell stress and in cont…

medicine.medical_specialtyModels NeurologicalSettore BIO/11 - Biologia MolecolareRNA-binding proteinBiologyMitochondrionSettore BIO/09 - FisiologiaMiceCellular and Molecular NeuroscienceHeat shock proteinInternal medicinemedicineAnimalsHomeostasisHumansReceptorMolecular BiologyTranscription factorHeat-Shock ProteinsMice KnockoutPharmacologyPGC-1α Mitochondria Dopaminergic neurons Transgenic animal Adenovirus Parkinson’s diseaseDopaminergic NeuronsDopaminergicRNA-Binding ProteinsParkinson DiseaseCell BiologyPeroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alphaMitochondriaEndocrinologyCell metabolismNerve DegenerationTrans-ActivatorsMolecular MedicineNeuroscienceHomeostasisTranscription FactorsCellular and Molecular Life Sciences
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Rac1 and PAK1 are upstream of IKK-ε and TBK-1 in the viral activation of interferon regulatory factor-3

2004

The anti-viral type I interferon (IFN) response is initiated by the immediate induction of IFN beta, which is mainly controlled by the IFN-regulatory factor-3 (IRF-3). The signaling pathways mediating viral IRF-3 activation are only poorly defined. We show that the Rho GTPase Rac1 is activated upon virus infection and controls IRF-3 phosphorylation and activity. Inhibition of Rac1 leads to reduced IFN beta promoter activity and to enhanced virus production. As a downstream mediator of Rac signaling towards IRF-3, we have identified the kinase p21-activated kinase (PAK1). Furthermore, both Rac1 and PAK1 regulate the recently described IRF-3 activators, I kappa B kinase- and TANK-binding kina…

rac1 GTP-Binding ProteinTranscription GeneticBiophysicsIκB kinaseProtein Serine-Threonine KinasesSignal transductionBiologyVirus ReplicationBiochemistryCell LineDogsPAK1Structural BiologyInterferonGeneticsmedicineAnimalsHumansPhosphorylationPromoter Regions Geneticp21-activated kinasesMolecular BiologyRNA Double-StrandedKinaseRho GTPaseI-Kappa-B KinaseNuclear ProteinsInterferon-betaCell BiologyCREB-Binding ProteinI-kappa B KinaseDNA-Binding ProteinsEnzyme Activationp21-Activated KinasesInfluenza A virusViral infectionAnti-viral responseTrans-ActivatorsCancer researchInterferon Regulatory Factor-3Transcription factorSignal transductionDimerizationTranscription FactorsInterferon regulatory factorsmedicine.drugFEBS Letters
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Mouse models of cytomegalovirus latency: overview.

2002

Abstract Background: The molecular regulation of viral latency and reactivation is a central unsolved issue in the understanding of cytomegalovirus (CMV) biology. Like human CMV (hCMV), murine CMV (mCMV) can establish a latent infection in cells of the myeloid lineage. Since mCMV genome remains present in various organs after its clearance from hematopoietic cells first in bone marrow and much later in blood, there must exist one or more widely distributed cell type(s) representing the cellular site(s) of enduring mCMV latency in host tissues. Endothelial cells and histiocytes are candidates, but the question is not yet settled. Another long debated problem appears to be solved: mCMV establ…

virusesCytomegalovirusBiologymedicine.disease_causeVirusHerpesviridaeImmediate-Early ProteinsTransactivationMiceViral ProteinsVirologyVirus latencymedicineCytotoxic T cellAnimalsHumansLatency (engineering)GeneMice Inbred BALB Cvirus diseasesmedicine.diseaseVirologyVirus LatencyHaematopoiesisDisease Models AnimalInfectious DiseasesImmunologyCytomegalovirus InfectionsTrans-ActivatorsVirus ActivationJournal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology
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