Search results for "Tumor necrosis factor."

Drug Delivery: Dendritic Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for pH-Stimuli-Responsive Drug Delivery of TNF-Alpha (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 13/2017)

2017

Structure-activity relationship of staurosporine analogs in regulating expression of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase gene.

2000

In human umbilical vein endothelial cells and in human umbilical vein endothelial cell-derived EA.hy 926 cells, staurosporine (Stsp) and its glycosidic indolocarbazole analogs 7-hydroxystaurosporine (UCN-01) and 4'-N-benzoyl staurosporine (CGP 41251) enhanced nitric-oxide synthase (NOS) III mRNA expression (analyzed by RNase protection assay), protein expression (determined by Western blot), and activity [measured by rat fetal lung fibroblast (RFL-6) reporter cell assay] in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. In contrast, the bisindolylmaleimide analogs GF 109203X, Ro 31-8220 and Go 6983 had no effect on NOS III expression, and Go 6976, a methyl- and cyanoalkyl-substituted nonglycos…

Antioxidant treatment for impaired hypoxic ventilatory responses in experimental diabetes in the rat

2018

Inflammation, tissue hypoxia, and impaired hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) are the intricately entwined features of diabetes which perpetuate the disease and its sequelae. Hyperglycemia, notably, is an oxygen consuming process due to enhanced cellular metabolism. Oxidative stress underlies diabetic pathogenesis and also is a crucial modulator of the hypoxic chemoreflex. The present study seeks to determine if suppressed ventilation in diabetes could be improved by antioxidant treatment. The study was performed in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in awake rats. Two weeks into full-fledged diabetes, the rats were divided into mangiferin (potent natural antioxidant)-treated and untreated, wi…

Chronic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorβ/δ agonist GW0742 prevents hypertension, vascular inflammatory and oxidative status, and endotheli…

2015

Endothelial dysfunction plays a key role in obesity-induced risk of cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of chronic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)β/δ agonist GW0742 treatment on endothelial function in obese mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD).Five-week-old male mice were allocated to one of the following groups: control, control-treated (GW0742, 3 mg/kg per day, by oral gavage), HFD, HFD + GW0742, HFD + GSK0660 (1 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal) or HFD-GW0742-GSK0660 and followed for 11 or 13 weeks. GW0742 administration to mice fed HFD prevented the gain of body weight, heart and kidney hypertrophy, and fat accumulation. The increase in …

Eicosapentaenoic acid modulates fatty acid metabolism and inflammation in Psammomys obesus.

2015

Abstract The desert gerbil, Psammomys obesus, is a unique polygenic animal model of metabolic syndrome (insulin resistance, obesity and type 2 diabetes), and these pathological conditions resemble to those in human beings. In this study, the animals were fed ad libitum either a natural diet (ND) which contained desertic halophile plants or a standard laboratory diet (STD) or a diet which contained eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), hence, termed as EPA diet (EPAD). In EPAD, 50% of total lipid content was replaced by EPA oil. By employing real-time PCR, we assessed liver expression of key genes involved in fatty acid metabolism such as PPAR-α, SREBP-1c, LXR-α and CHREBP. We also studied the expres…

Macrophage-mediated angiogenic activation of outgrowth endothelial cells in co-culture with primary osteoblasts.

2014

The successful vascularisation of complex tissue engineered constructs for bone regeneration is still a major challenge in the field of tissue engineering. In this context, co-culture systems of endothelial cells and osteoblasts represent a promising approach to advance the formation of a stable vasculature as well as an excellent in vitro model to identify factors that positively influence bone healing processes, including angiogenesis. Under physiological conditions, the activation phase of angiogenesis is mainly induced by hypoxia or inflammation. Inflammatory cells such as macrophages secrete proinflammatory cytokines and proangiogenic growth factors, finally leading to the formation of…

Medical management of Crohn's disease

2011

The medical approach to Crohn's disease has been modified in recent years thanks to the introduction of new therapies, like biologics. Also, well-designed studies and systematic reviews have allowed better evaluation of the role of old drugs like steroids and immunosuppressors. This review aims to evaluate the recent evidence on the medical approach to Crohn's disease in the different settings of the disease.Randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses were included in the review. The research on all the studies discussed was based on the Cochrane Library, Medline and Embase, using the following medical subject headings: Crohn's disease, clinical trial, therapy, 5-aminosalicylic acid, ste…

Rapamycin stimulates arginine influx through CAT2 transporters in human endothelial cells

2007

In endothelial cells Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNFalpha) stimulates arginine transport through the increased expression of SLC7A2/CAT2 transcripts. Here we show that also rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR kinase, stimulates system y(+)-mediated arginine uptake in human endothelial cells derived from either saphenous (HSVECs) or umbilical veins (HUVECs). When used together with TNFalpha, rapamycin produces an additive stimulation of arginine transport in both cell models. These effects are observed also upon incubation with AICAR, a stimulator of Adenosine-Monophosphate-dependent-Protein Kinase (AMPK) that produces a rapamycin-independent inhibition of the mTOR pathway. Rapamycin increases …

IL-27 improves migrational and antiviral potential of CB dendritic cells.

2013

Abstract Interleukin (IL)-27 is known to be increased considerably in cord blood (CB) dendritic cells (DCs) after TLR ligation. Previously, we demonstrated that also basal IL-27 levels are higher in CB DCs. Here, we examined effects of IL-27 on monocyte derived dendritic cells (moDCs) to approach its particular role in the specialized immune system of the human neonate. Exogenous IL-27 promotes IL-27 transcription in CB and adult blood (AB) moDCs. IL-27 acts on CB moDCs primarily by significantly augmenting IL-27 protein, secondarily by increasing transcription of CXCL10 among other chemokines, chemokine receptor CCR1, interferon stimulated genes, transcription factor IRF8 and genes involve…

Systemic Inflammation in Metabolic Syndrome: Increased Platelet and Leukocyte Activation, and Key Role of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 and CCL2/CCR2 Axes in Arteria…

2019

Background: Metabolic syndrome is associated with low-grade systemic inflammation, which is a key driver of premature atherosclerosis. We characterized immune cell behavior in metabolic syndrome, its consequences, and the potential involvement of the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 and CCL2/CCR2 chemokine axes. Methods: Whole blood from 18 patients with metabolic syndrome and 21 age-matched controls was analyzed by flow cytometry to determine the leukocyte immunophenotypes, activation, platelet-leukocyte aggregates, and CX3CR1 expression. ELISA determined the plasma marker levels. Platelet-leukocyte aggregates adhesion to tumor necrosis factor-&alpha