Search results for "Turing"

Experimental assessment of application of gravimetric measurements for pneumatic conveying in horizontal pipelines

2008

Abstract Available theoretical considerations and practical experiments usually concern aspiration in the vertical pipelines, where the procedure of making measurements is universally known and it does not express any reservations. However, it is often necessary to conduct test in the systems of horizontal conveying of solgas, where the conditions of taking a representative sample, even for the sake of the significant effect of the gravitational force, many vary from those suggested for measurements in the systems with vertical flow. The present paper contains the results of tests which determine usability of the gravimetric method in measurements of flow parameters of two-phase gas–solid m…

Freestanding ferroelectric elastomer films

1998

Use of supercritical CO2 and N2 as dissolved gases for the atomization of ethanol and water

2012

Supercritical dissolved gas atomization (SDGA) is an atomization process in which a gas at temperatures and pressures above the critical point is used as the atomizing medium. The concept of SDGA has been applied mainly using CO 2 as atomizing gas in various processes developed for the production of fine particles of pharmaceuticals, polymers, and chemical products and for the atomization of fuels. In this work, SDGA, using ethanol and water as the liquids to be atomized, has been experimentally studied. The spray characteristics, in terms of droplet size and distribution, have been investigated using a laser diffraction analyzer. Ethanol has been chosen due to the large miscibility with CO…

Linear stability analysis of gas-fluidized beds for the prediction of incipient bubbling conditions

2010

Abstract This work focuses on the development of a novel linear stability criterion for the state of homogeneous fluidization regime, based on a new mathematical model for gas-fluidized beds. The model is developed starting from the well-known particle bed model. A mono-dimensional momentum balance is derived leading to a set of equations which explicitly include voidage-gradient dependent terms (elastic force) for both solid and fluid phases. A fully predictive criterion for the stability of homogeneous fluidization state is here proposed, based on the well-known Wallis’ linear stability analysis. The criterion requires the choice of an appropriate averaging distance, which in the present …

Saturated absorption spectroscopy: elimination of crossover resonances by use of a nanocell

2007

It is demonstrated that velocity selective optical pumping/saturation resonances of reduced absorption in a Rb vapor nanocell with thickness \textit{L=} $\lambda $, 2$\lambda $, and 3$\lambda $ (resonant wavelength $\lambda $ = 780 nm) allow the complete elimination of crossover (CO) resonances. We observe well pronounced resonances corresponding to the F$_{g}=3$ $\to $ F$_{e}=2,3,4$ hyperfine transitions of the $^{85}$Rb D$_{2}$ line with linewidths close to the natural width. A small CO resonance located midway between F$_{g}=3$ $\to $ F$_{e}=3$ and F$_{g}=3$ $\to$ F$_{e}=4$ transitions appears only for \textit{L} = 4$\lambda $. The D$_{2}$ line ($\lambda $ = 852 nm) in a Cs nanocell exhi…

Unfolding dynamics of small peptides biased by constant mechanical forces

2018

We show how multi-ensemble Markov state models can be combined with constant-force equilibrium simulations. Besides obtaining the unfolding/folding rates, Markov state models allow gaining detailed insights into the folding dynamics and pathways through identifying folding intermediates and misfolded structures. For two specific peptides, we demonstrate that the end-to-end distance is an insufficient reaction coordinate. This problem is alleviated through constructing models with multiple collective variables, for which we employ the time-lagged independent component analysis requiring only minimal prior knowledge. Our results show that combining Markov state models with constant-force simu…

Descriptor-type Kalman Filter and TLS EXIN Speed Estimate for Sensorless Control of a Linear Induction Motor.

2014

This paper proposes a speed observer for linear induction motors (LIMs), which is composed of two parts: 1) a linear Kalman filter (KF) for the online estimation of the inductor currents and induced part flux linkage components; and 2) a speed estimator based on the total least squares (TLS) EXIN neuron. The TLS estimator receives as inputs the state variables, estimated by the KF, and provides as output the LIM linear speed, which is fed back to the KF and the control system. The KF is based on the classic space-vector model of the rotating induction machine. The end effects of the LIMs have been considered an uncertainty treated by the KF. The TLS EXIN neuron has been used to compute, in …

Applications of the vehicle routing problem with trailers and transshipments

2013

Abstract The vehicle routing problem with trailers and transshipments (VRPTT) is a recent and challenging extension of the well-known vehicle routing problem. The VRPTT constitutes an archetypal representative of the class of vehicle routing problems with multiple synchronization constraints (VRPMSs). In addition to the usual task covering constraints, VRPMSs require further synchronization between vehicles, concerning spatial, temporal, and load aspects. VRPMSs possess considerable practical relevance, but limited coverage in the scientific literature. The purpose of the present paper is to describe how several important types of VRPMSs, such as multi-echelon location-routing problems and …

Equivalence Testing With Particle Size Distribution Data: Methods and Applications in the Development of Inhalative Drugs

2017

ABSTRACTKey criteria of the quality of inhalative drugs are assessed in experiments generating so-called particle size distributions as data. Many experiments of that kind are carried out to demonstrate that necessary modifications to whatever part of the manufacturing process do not substantially change basic characteristics of an inhalable drug product. The equivalence testing procedures we derive for that purpose rely on different models accommodating the specific structure of such data and on different ways of specifying the region of nonrelevant differences. For each hypotheses formulation, three different tests are derived (two parametric and one asymptotically distribution-free proce…

Dynamics of Pattern Formation in Biomimetic Systems

2008

This paper is an attempt to conceptualize pattern formation in self-organizing systems and, in particular, to understand how structures, oscillations or waves arise in a steady and homogenous environment, a phenomenon called symmetry breaking. The route followed to develop these ideas was to couple chemical oscillations produced by Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction with confined reaction environments, the latter being an essential requirement for any process of Life. Special focus was placed on systems showing organic or lipidic compartments, which represent more reliable biomimetic matrices.