Search results for "Turing"
showing 10 items of 2644 documents
Electrical Safety Analysis in the Presence of Resonant Grounding Neutral
2019
The resonant grounding is one of the possible methods of the system neutral grounding for the medium voltage distribution. IEEE standards do define this grounding configuration, but important advantages and drawbacks of the resonant grounding might not be fully known, due to its rather uncommon application in North America. On the other hand, resonant grounding in Europe is imposed by the increased requirements for power quality, especially for medium-voltage (MV) industrial users, imposed to electric utilities by regulatory authorities, with the purpose to protect the interests of users and consumers. Level of the continuity of the service, magnitude and phase of ground-fault currents, mag…
Odpowiedzialność Skarbu Państwa wobec akcjonariuszy (udziałowców) upadłego za szkodę wyrządzoną przez Sąd Upadłościowy poprzez niesłuszne orzeczenie …
2021
Niniejsze opracowanie odnosi się do zagadnień związanych z odpowiedzialnością odszkodowawczą Skarbu Państwa w stosunku do udziałowców dłużnika z tytułu błędnego orzeczenia o opcji upadłości likwidacyjnej zamiast o opcji restrukturyzacji. Postępowanie wszczyna się na wniosek uprawnionego. O otwarciu postępowania decyduje sąd. W praktyce może dojść do sytuacji, w której będą złożone konkurencyjne względem siebie wnioski: albo zmierzające do likwidacji majątku dłużnika, albo mające na celu jego restrukturyzację. Opracowanie odnosi się do dwóch stanów prawnych: do stanu prawnego obowiązującego w latach 2003–2015 i do stanu prawnego zującego od 2016 r. W artykule poddano analizie ustawowe kryter…
The need for change in the approach to insolvency of sport clubs in the regulations of the European Football Federation
2020
This study concerns the issues of league regulations related to the legal problem of insolvency of football clubs in the context of licenses to participate in competitions. The study presents a brief description of modern European football, including the phenomenon of financial oligarchization of sport, and uneven redistribution of the benefits of sport. The following section presents the relation between lex sportiva and state law; the legal position and importance of UEFA; licensing system rules for participating in games. Particular attention was paid to regulating the impact of participation in proceedings giving protection against creditors on obtaining and maintaining a license. Attri…
Claims secured by a registered pledge in sanation proceedings
2019
This study concerns the legal situation of a receivable secured by a registered pledge in a debtor’s sanation (restructuring) proceedings. The registered pledgee has a special position in the course of such proceedings. The study discusses the rules of subjecting the receivable secured by the arrangement, the rules of preparing and contesting the list of receivables, and finally the rules of satisfying the pledgee.
The need for a special restructuring procedure for insolvent entrepreneurs due to SARS-CoV-2
2020
This text refers to the need for simple restructuring proceedings for entrepreneurs due to the crisis caused by the coronavirus epidemic. Some countries may be more deeply affected by the crisis, others may be more resilient to economic shocks. The comments are abstract. They do not refer to any particular legal system. Their purpose is to provoke a general discussion on the need to introduce into the legislation special rules regarding business insolvency as a result of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The main assumption is as follows. The main purpose of insolvency law is to maximize creditors’ satisfaction. Meanwhile, in the event of a common, structural crisis, a more important value may be ma…
Early warning on insolvency in the European Union law
2020
Rapid diagnosis of the risk of an entrepreneur’s insolvency is of great importance for the socio-economic environment. This issue is of particular importance in the context of the financial crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The insolvency resulting in the announced bankruptcy brings a lot of harm to the debtors themselves (their shareholders), creditors and the entire economy. A much better solution is the restructuring of the debtor. For the purposes of predicting insolvency can be used Artificial Intelligence although traditional methods are also in use. For these reasons, in European Union law, the Restructuring Directive focuses on the anticipation of debtor’s insolvency. The text…
The roles of job and worker restructuring in aggregate wage growth dynamics
2019
We propose an approach for measuring and analyzing the dynamics of the standard aggregate wage growth of macro statistics with micro data. Our method decomposes the aggregate wage growth into the wage growth of job stayers and into various terms related to job and worker restructuring. This method produces explicit expressions with clear interpretations for the various restructuring components. Using comprehensive longitudinal employer–employee data, we study how job and worker restructuring influence the aggregate wage growth and its cyclicality. The results highlight the importance of drawing a sharp distinction between job and worker restructuring in the analysis of aggregate wage growth…
Uprawnienia zastawnika zastawu rejestrowego w postępowaniu sanacyjnym zastawcy
2022
Opracowanie poświęcone jest zagadnieniu uprawnień zastawnika zastawu rejestrowego w postępowaniu sanacyjnym. Zarówno zastaw rejestrowy jak i postępowanie sanacyjne to instytucje hybrydalne. Na ich tle powstaje zatem szereg interesujących zagadnień prawnych. W opracowaniu omówiono status w postępowaniu sanacyjnym wierzytelności zabezpieczonej zastawem rejestrowym. Wskazano na rolę proceduralną spisu inwentarza i spisu wierzytelności. W dalszej kolejności przedstawiono sposoby zaspokojenia zastawnika. Artykuł odnosi się do kilku zagadnień nie uregulowanych przez ustawodawcę. Po pierwsze, wskazano w nim według jakich założeń powinno się przygotować wycenę przedmiotu zabezpieczenia :czy według …
Forensic Analysis of Fire in a Substation of a Commercial Center
2020
In this article, the authors discuss the legal liabilities of the professional engineer as both the engineer of record of a project and the construction site manager. In particular, this article analyzes the case of a fire at the end-user medium voltage–low-voltage (MV–LV) substation of a shopping center in Italy, which occurred a few years after the maintenance works on the electrical installation. The professional engineer who had designed and overseen the construction of the substation was accused of professional negligence. The authors through the examination of applicable technical standards, as well as of safety regulations, demonstrate that the professional engineer had acted diligen…
Review article: recommended reading list of early publications on atomic layer deposition - outcome of the "virtual Project on the History of ALD"
2017
Atomic layer deposition (ALD), a gas-phase thin film deposition technique based on repeated, self-terminating gas-solid reactions, has become the method of choice in semiconductor manufacturing and many other technological areas for depositing thin conformal inorganic material layers for various applications. ALD has been discovered and developed independently, at least twice, under different names: atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) and molecular layering. ALE, dating back to 1974 in Finland, has been commonly known as the origin of ALD, while work done since the 1960s in the Soviet Union under the name "molecular layering" (and sometimes other names) has remained much less known. The virtual proj…