Search results for "Type 2"
showing 10 items of 1034 documents
Barriers to insulin initiation and intensification and how to overcome them
2009
Summary Aims: To review published evidence and clinical experience of the perceived barriers to insulin initiation and intensification and to develop solutions for patient management. Method: Literature review and workshop discussions. Results: Many patients with diabetes fail to achieve targets for glycaemic control because of inappropriate use of insulin. Patients and health care professionals face many potential barriers to insulin initiation and intensification in primary care. These can be categorised as low motivation, lack of familiarity or experience and time constraints. Conclusion: Solutions should be tailored to different health care settings. Strategies include improving edu…
Modeling NAFLD Disease Burden in China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain, United Kingdom, and United States for the period 2016-2030
2018
Background & Aims: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are increasingly a cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma globally. This burden is expected to increase as epidemics of obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome continue to grow. The goal of this analysis was to use a Markov model to forecast NAFLD disease burden using currently available data. Methods: A model was used to estimate NAFLD and NASH disease progression in eight countries based on data for adult prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Published estimates and expert consensus were used to build and validate the model projections. Results: If obesity and…
Effect of aspirin on renal disease progression in patients with type 2 diabetes: A multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. T…
2017
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common causes of chronic kidney disease and kidney failure. It has been estimated that the annual decline of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) among patients with T2DM is approximately 2.0-2.5 mL min−1 y−1. Cyclooxygenase-dependent eicosanoids, such as 11-dehydro-thromboxane (Tx)B2, are increased in T2DM patients and are potentially involved in the regulation of renal blood flow. Animal models showed that cyclooxygenase inhibitors, such as aspirin, are associated with improvements in renal plasma flow and eGFR values. Hypothesis The primary end point of the LEDA trial is to evaluate the 1-year decline of eGFR in T2DM pa…
Effect of two antihypertensive combinations on metabolic control in type-2 diabetic hypertensive patients with albuminuria: a randomised, double-blin…
2001
The objective of this study was to compare, at equal blood pressure (BP) reduction, the effect of two different combinations on metabolic control and albuminuria in type 2 diabetic hypertensive patients with albuminuria. This was a prospective, randomised, double-blind, parallel, controlled trial carried out in 11 Spanish hospitals. A total of 103 type 2 diabetic patients with stable albuminuria and BP not controlled on monotherapy were randomised of which 93 finished the study. After a 4-week single-blind placebo period, patients were randomised to verapamil SR/trandolapril 180/2 mg (VT) or to enalapril/hydroclorothiazide 20/12.5 mg (EH). Treatment duration was 6 months. The main outcome m…
Ethylene modulates gene expression in cells of the marine sponge Suberites domuncula and reduces the degree of apoptosis.
1999
Sponges (phylum Porifera) live in an aqueous milieu that contains dissolved organic carbon. This is degraded photochemically by ultraviolet radiation to alkenes, particularly to ethylene. This study demonstrates that sponge cells (here the demosponge Suberites domuncula has been used), which have assembled to primmorphs, react to 5 microM ethylene with a significant up-regulation of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration and with a reduction of starvation-induced apoptosis. In primmorphs from S. domuncula the expression of two genes is up-regulated after exposure to ethylene. The cDNA of the first gene (SDERR) isolated from S. domuncula encodes a potential ethylene-responsive protein, termed ER…
Histamine Upregulates Gene Expression of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells
2003
Background— Histamine has a short-term, transient, stimulating effect on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity; however, long-term effects on eNOS have not been described yet. In addition, the vascular effect of histamine seems to depend critically on eNOS functionality. Therefore, we studied the effects of histamine on eNOS gene expression and function. Methods and Results— In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and HUVEC-derived EA.hy 926 cells, histamine upregulated eNOS mRNA (RNase protection assay) and protein (electron microscopic immunocytochemistry) expression. The upregulation of eNOS could be prevented by mepyramine, a selective antagonist at the H 1 recep…
P1025HISTOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL FINDINGS IN ADULT AUTOPSIES OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS WITH OR WITHOUT DIABETIC KIDNEY DISEASE
2020
Abstract Background and Aims Few studies have analyzed early lesions of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in those patients who do not have clinical signs of this involvement, since the indication of renal biopsy is usually performed in patients with significant renal manifestations.The aim of the study was to analyze renal histological lesions from autopsies of diabetic patients with or without clinical expression of DN. Thus, we analyze their correlation according to the presence or absence of proteinuria (albumin/creatinine to ratio > 300). Autopsies from non-diabetic patients was used as a control group. Method Kidneys from autopsies of 21 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) an…
Urinary bladder enlargement across nine rodent models of diabetes: correlations with glucose and insulin levels
2021
AbstractThe urinary bladder is markedly enlarged in the type 1 diabetes mellitus model of streptozotocin (STZ)-injected rats, but much less data exist for models of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Diabetic polyuria has been proposed to explain bladder enlargement. We have collected data on bladder weight and blood glucose from 16 studies representing 9 distinct rodent diabetes (7 T2DM) and obesity models; some included arms with diets and/or pharmacological treatments. Data were analyzed for bladder enlargement and for correlations between bladder weight on the one and glucose levels on the other hand. Our data confirm major bladder enlargements in STZ rats, minor if any enlargement in fructose-fed…
PSMA6 (rs2277460, rs1048990), PSMC6 (rs2295826, rs2295827) and PSMA3 (rs2348071) genetic diversity in Latvians, Lithuanians and Taiwanese
2014
PSMA6 (rs2277460, rs1048990), PSMC6 (rs2295826, rs2295827) and PSMA3 (rs2348071) genetic diversity was investigated in 1438 unrelated subjects from Latvia, Lithuania and Taiwan. In general, polymorphism of each individual locus showed tendencies similar to determined previously in HapMap populations. Main differences concern Taiwanese and include presence of rs2277460 rare allele A not found before in Asians and absence of rs2295827 rare alleles homozygotes TT observed in all other human populations. Observed patterns of SNPs and haplotype diversity were compatible with expectation of neutral model of evolution. Linkage disequilibrium between the rs2295826 and rs2295827 was detected to be c…
Epidemiology of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Implications for Liver Transplantation.
2018
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects 25% of the global adult population with a range of 13.5% in Africa and 31.8% in the Middle East. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is closely associated with a constellation of metabolic comorbidities which include: obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hypercholesteremia. In fact, the increasing number of metabolic comorbidities not only increases the prevalence of NAFLD but also places patients at higher risk for progressive liver disease. As such, NAFLD is presently among the top etiologies for hepatocellular carcinoma and an indication for liver transplantation (LT) in the United States. Therefore, the following recommendati…