Search results for "UIC"
showing 10 items of 929 documents
Prevalence of and potential influencing factors for alcohol dependence in Europe.
2014
Alcohol use disorders (AUDs), and alcohol dependence (AD) in particular, are prevalent and associated with a large burden of disability and mortality. The aim of this study was to estimate prevalence of AD in the European Union (EU), Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland for the year 2010, and to investigate potential influencing factors. The 1-year prevalence of AD in the EU was estimated at 3.4% among people 18-64 years of age in Europe (women 1.7%, men 5.2%), resulting in close to 11 million affected people. Taking into account all people of all ages, AD, abuse and harmful use resulted in an estimate of 23 million affected people. Prevalence of AD varied widely between European countries, and…
Contextual Factors Related to Alcohol Abuse Among Intimate Partner Violence Offenders.
2016
The association between alcohol consumption and intimate partner violence (IPV) has been reiterated in numerous studies. Some authors have found higher levels of risk factors in intimate partner violence offenders (IPVOs) with alcohol problems than in IPVOs without such problems.The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship of contextual variables with harmful alcohol use in a sample of IPVOs.This cross-sectional research analyzes data from 231 IPVOs. In addition to demographic data, information was collected on alcohol use, ethnicity, accumulation of stressful life events and perceived social support and rejection. The sample was divided into hazardous and nonhazardous alcohol users…
Intimate Partner Violence in Self-Identified Lesbians
2015
This article presents the first systematic review on intimate partner violence (IPV) in self-identified lesbians in same-sex couples. Studies published from January 1990 to December 2013 were analyzed. Of the 687 studies reviewed, 59 were preselected, of which 14 studies were selected that met the inclusion and methodological quality criteria. A summary is presented of the characteristics of the studies, the participants, the prevalence of IPV victimization and perpetration, and its correlates. All the studies were carried out in the United States and used a nonprobabilistic sampling method. The majority of participants were White with a high educational level. The results indicate that all…
Hyperthymic temperament may protect against suicidal ideation.
2010
Abstract Background The aim of this study was to investigate the role of hyperthymic temperament in suicidal ideation between a sample of patients with affective disorders (unipolar and bipolar). Method We investigated affective disorders outpatients (unipolar, bipolar I, II and NOS) treated in eleven participating centres during at least a six-month period. DSM-IV diagnosis was made by psychiatrists experienced in mood disorders, using the corresponding modules of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). In addition, bipolar NOS diagnoses were extended by guidelines for bipolar spectrum symptoms as proposed by Akiskal and Pinto in 1999. Thereby we also identified NOS III (…
Intimate partner violence is associated with increased maternal hair cortisol in mother–child dyads
2015
Abstract Background The chronic consequences of intimate partner violence (IPV) on HPA activation are a topic of debate. The current study investigated hair cortisol concentrations in female victims of IPV and their children. Methods A total of 52 mother–child dyads were divided into two groups depending on exposure to IPV: IPV group (n = 27 dyads) and control group (n = 25 dyads). Hair cortisol concentration was measured in 1-cm-long hair strands, representing 30 days of exposure before assessment. PTSD and depression symptoms were assessed in the mother and child. Results Women reporting IPV presented with higher hair cortisol levels, depression and PTSD symptoms severity in comparison to…
Determination of acetylcholine, nitrostigmine and acetylcholinesterase activity in four patients with severe nitrostigmine (E 605 forte) intoxication.
1974
Concentrations of acetylcholine and nitrostigmine as well as acetylcholinesterase activity were determined in 4 patients with severe nitrostigmine intoxication. In the acute phase of the intoxication, acetylcholine levels up to 36 and 55 ng/ml were found in blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, respectively. At the same time no activity of acetylcholinesterase in plasma and erythrocytes was detected. Acetylcholinesterase activity gradually recovered at the end of the second week. In the first 3 days after the ingestion plasma nitrostigmine concentrations ranged from 409 to 86 ng/ml. At the end of the third week nitrostigmine was still found in a concentration of about 1 ng/ml plasma. Redist…
Meaning in life moderates hopelessness, suicide ideation, and borderline psychopathology in participants with eating disorders: A longitudinal study
2020
Participants with eating disorders (EDs) experience identity problems, hopelessness, and suicide ideation. Research has confirmed the link between the experience of low meaning in life (MIL) and psychopathology. However, there is a lack of research focusing on MIL in ED. Objectives The objectives of this study are as follows: (a) to analyze whether MIL at baseline moderates the association between ED psychopathology at baseline and borderline symptoms, hopelessness, and suicide ideation at follow-up and (b) to analyze whether MIL moderates the association between suicide ideation, hopelessness, and borderline symptoms at baseline and at the 7-month follow-up. Method The sample was composed …
Post-disaster mental health and psychosocial support in the areas affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake: a qualitative study
2019
Background Few studies exploring the actual practices implemented for long-term mental health and psychosocial support after a natural disaster have been published. This study aimed to reveal (1) the types of activities that were actually provided as mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) in the long-term phase after the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) and (2) the problems that must be addressed to provide post-disaster MHPSS activities. Methods An open-ended questionnaire was sent to organizations in the Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures that were potentially involved in providing MHPSS to communities affected by the GEJE. The organizations were asked to describe their act…
Drinking, smoking, and educational achievement: Cross-lagged associations from adolescence to adulthood
2014
Background Adolescent substance use is associated with lower educational achievement but the directionality of the association remains uncertain. We analyzed data on drinking, smoking and educational achievement to study the associations between substance use and education from early adolescence to young adulthood. Methods Longitudinal data from four time points (ages 12, 14, 17, and 19–27 years) from a population-based cohort study of Finnish twin individuals were used to estimate bivariate cross-lagged path models for substance use and educational achievement, adjusting for sex, parental covariates, and adolescent externalizing behavior. A total of 4761 individuals (49.4% females) were in…
Handgrip strength is associated with suicidal thoughts in men: Cross-sectional analyses from NHANES
2019
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between handgrip strength and suicidal thoughts in a representative sample of the US adult population using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). POPULATION AND METHODS: Data from two waves of NHANES (2011-2014) were aggregated. Handgrip strength in kilogram (kg) was defined as the maximum value from the dominant hand. Suicidal thoughts were assessed using one question "Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by the following problem: Thoughts that you would be better off dead or of hurting yourself in some way?" and dichotomized to no (not at all) and yes (several days/ more than half the days/ nea…