Search results for "Uncertainty"

Measurement of the W boson Mass and Width in $e^{+}e^{-}$ Collisions at LEP

2006

The mass of the W boson is determined from the direct reconstruction of W decays in WW→qq̄qq̄ and WW→ℓνqq̄ events in e+e- collisions at LEP. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 683 pb-1 collected with the ALEPH detector at centre-of-mass energies up to 209 GeV. To minimise any effect from colour reconnection a new procedure is adopted in which low energy particles are not considered in the mass determination from the qq̄qq̄ channel. The combined result from all channels is mW=80.440±0.043(stat.)±0.024(syst.)±0.009(FSI)±0.009(LEP)GeV/c2,where FSI represents the possible effects of final state interactions in the qq̄qq̄ channel and LEP indicates the uncertainty in the b…

Fermion pair production in e+e- collisions at 189-209 GeV and constraints on physics beyond the Standard Model

2006

Cross sections, angular distributions and forward-backward asymmetries are presented, of two-fermion events produced in e+e- collisions at centre-of-mass energies from 189 to 209 GeV at LEP, measured with the ALEPH detector. Results for e+e-, mu+mu-, tau+tau-, qq, bb and cc production are in agreement with the Standard Model predictions. Constraints are set on scenarios of new physics such as four-fermion contact interactions, leptoquarks, Z' bosons, TeV-scale quantum gravity and R-parity violating squarks and sneutrinos.

Reference-Plane Invariant Method for Measuring Electromagnetic Parameters of Materials

2010

This paper presents a simple and effective wideband method for the determination of material properties, such as the complex index of refraction and the complex permittivity and permeability. The method is explicit (non-iterative) and reference-plane invariant: it uses a certain combination of scattering parameters in conjunction with group-velocity data. This technique can be used to characterize both dielectric and magnetic materials. The proposed method is verified experimentally within a frequency range between 2 to 18 GHz on polytetrafluoroethylene and polyvinylchloride samples. A comprehensive error and stability analysis reveals that, similar to other methods based on transmission/re…

Approach of the State Pharmacopeia of Ukraine to analytical procedures validation on the example of chloride ions assay in peritoneal dialysis soluti…

2019

The objective of this study was to develop and validate an alternative analytical procedure for the total chloride assay in solutions for peritoneal dialysis (PD). The proposed analytical procedure was validated according to the requirements of the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) Guideline: Topic ICH Q2(R1) and the approach of the State Pharmacopeia of Ukraine (SPU). The analytical procedure was specific. The li-nearity of the procedure was evaluated in the concentration range of 76 to 114 mmol/L of chloride ions (80-120% of the stated content (95 mmol/L)) with the regression equation y = 1.0029 ∑ X -0.2269 and a correlation coefficient of 0.9989. The y-intercept of the regr…

Who sent the e-mail?

2003

In mid October 2001, a number of lecturers at the University of Valencia received insulting, threatening and anonymous electronic mails. An investigation about this fact is only permitted under very restricted conditions, stipulated by the Spanish law of the Secrecy of Communications. Only one judicial authority is able to lift these restrictions and authorize information to be checked in order to obtain enough evidence to unveil who was responsible for the messages. The authors propose in this paper a study for quantifying the weight of certain evidence with a view to show to the judge that the relevance of the said weight would justify such a measure.

Technical support for a judge when assessing a priori odds

2015

A study of the material in the ATLAS inner detector using secondary hadronic interactions

2011

The ATLAS inner detector is used to reconstruct secondary vertices due to hadronic interactions of primary collision products, so probing the location and amount of material in the inner region of ATLAS. Data collected in 7 TeV pp collisions at the LHC, with a minimum bias trigger, are used for comparisons with simulated events. The reconstructed secondary vertices have spatial resolutions ranging from ~ 200μm to 1 mm. The overall material description in the simulation is validated to within an experimental uncertainty of about 7%. This will lead to a better understanding of the reconstruction of various objects such as tracks, leptons, jets, and missing transverse momentum.

Revealing Hidden Quantum Correlations in an Electromechanical Measurement.

2018

Under a strong quantum measurement, the motion of an oscillator is disturbed by the measurement back-action, as required by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. When a mechanical oscillator is continuously monitored via an electromagnetic cavity, as in a cavity optomechanical measurement, the back-action is manifest by the shot noise of incoming photons that becomes imprinted onto the motion of the oscillator. Following the photons leaving the cavity, the correlations appear as squeezing of quantum noise in the emitted field. Here we observe such "ponderomotive" squeezing in the microwave domain using an electromechanical device made out of a superconducting resonator and a drumhead mechan…

Foundations of quantum mechanics and their impact on contemporary society

2018

Nearing a century since its inception, quantum mechanics is as lively as ever. Its signature manifestations, such as superposition, wave-particle duality, uncertainty principle, entanglement and nonlocality, were long confronted as weird predictions of an incomplete theory, paradoxes only suitable for philosophical discussions, or mere mathematical artifacts with no counterpart in the physical reality. Nevertheless, decades of progress in the experimental verification and control of quantum systems have routinely proven detractors wrong. While fundamental questions still remain wide open on the foundations and interpretations of quantum mechanics, its modern technological applications have …

High-resolution IR spectrum of AsH2D: Ro-vibrational analysis of the bending triad bands , , and

2008

Abstract The infrared spectrum of the AsH2D molecule has been measured in the region of the three bending fundamental bands on a Fourier transform spectrometer with a resolution of 0.0024 cm−1 and analyzed for the first time. More than 7500 normally allowed and in addition about 600 forbidden, but perturbation-activated transitions with J max = 21 , K a max = 20 and K c max = 21 have been assigned to the bands ν 3 , ν 4 , and ν 6 . The measured transition wavenumbers were used to determine 1047 upper energy values. These energies were fitted with a Watson-type Hamiltonian in A reduction and IIIl representation taking into account resonance interactions between all three bending states, (001…