Search results for "Unconscious"
showing 10 items of 57 documents
Subliminal fear priming potentiates negative facial reactions to food pictures in women with anorexia nervosa.
2010
BackgroundTo investigate hedonic reactivity and the influence of unconscious emotional processes on the low sensitivity to positive reinforcement of food in anorexia nervosa (AN).MethodAN and healthy women were exposed to palatable food pictures just after a subliminal exposure to facial expressions (happy, disgust, fear and neutral faces), either while fasting or after a standardized meal (hungerversussatiety). Both implicit [facial electromyographic (EMG) activity from zygomatic and corrugator muscles, skin conductance, heart rate, and videotaped facial behavior] and explicit (self-reported pleasure and desire) measures of affective processes were recorded.ResultsIn contrast to healthy wo…
Beyond The Ignorant Schoolmaster : On Education, Marxism, and Psychoanalysis
2016
This first chapter introduces the main concepts of Marxist sociology and Freudian psychoanalysis, two theories that have been intensely devoted to investigating and overcoming the epistemological effects caused by the phenomenal forms which inhered in the mode of production and the psychic apparatus, their respective subject matters. Their two prominent spearheads, Karl Marx and Sigmund Freud, soon understood that their scientific endeavors depended on deciphering the mechanisms which, in each case, generated these distorted reflections. These mechanisms were class division—the complex network that in any given social milieu consolidates around specific relations of production—and the split…
Gadamer y el problema hermenéutico de la interpretación psicoanalítica
2020
Existe una posición privilegiada para analizar la relación posible entre la filosofía y el psicoanálisis, y esta es a través de la hermenéutica. No solo Ricoeur, multitud de autores, a uno y otro lado de la disputa, han expresado sus posturas acerca de qué comparten y qué distinguen al psicoanálisis y a la hermenéutica filosófica, que quiere servir de vehículo para comprender la esencia interpretante del ser humano. Debido a ello, autores como Heidegger y Gadamer se han visto llamados a expresar sus posiciones acerca del saber del inconsciente, para evaluar el modo de poner en contacto la esencia del psicoanálisis como talking cure y la referencia interna de la filosofía como diálogo. Con t…
Quality of Life and Sexuality among People with Mental and Physical Disabilities in the Italian Context
2016
Aim: The article analyses sexuality and quality of life among people with mental and physical disabilities in the Italian context. It is aimed at contributing to a social debate over the sexual assistant for disabled people, as this professional is not still present in Italy. The aim of this paper is therefore to reflect on the consequences of the negative attitudes towards sexual life in disabled people, as well as for their families and community. In the collective unconscious, people with physical or mental disabilities are considered unable to live a healthy sexuality. This representation contributes to the spread of false attributions and prejudices. These characteristics may also be f…
A non-reductionist Physiologism. Nietzsche on Body, Mind and Cosciousness
2013
This paper addresses the following questions from the point of view of Nietzsche’s philosophy: What is the mind, and which kind of relationship does it hold to the body? Accordingly, the aim of this paper is to show that Nietzsche’s philosophy suggested a view of the mind that allows to outline an alternative stance to both mentalism and physicalism, as well as to both dualism and reductionism. It is argued that Nietzsche’s rehabilitation of the body as the specific seat of the mind in opposition to the Cartesian supremacy of the Ego still is of a great interest for contemporary philosophy, since it is not equivalent either to a reversed form of Cartesian dualism or to a physicalist reducti…
The Phantasmatic Core of Fascism: Psychoanalytic Theories of Antisemitism and Group Aggression Amongst the ‘Political Freudians’
2022
The period predating and overlapping with World War II saw psychoanalytic authors respond to the authoritarian and fascist developments in Europe through scholarly and analytical writings. These authors, sometimes referenced as ‘political Freudians’, were interested in bringing psychoanalysis in a dialogue with progressive social and pedagogical movements of their times, focusing their critique on the persecutory, eliminatory and purificatory fantasies, which they saw as animating the fascistic movements in Europe. This article analyses selected texts by Otto Fenichel, Ernst Simmel and Rudolf Loewenstein and argues that these authors asked about the political and ethical stakes of the fasci…
Machine learning for a combined electroencephalographic anesthesia index to detect awareness under anesthesia
2020
Spontaneous electroencephalogram (EEG) and auditory evoked potentials (AEP) have been suggested to monitor the level of consciousness during anesthesia. As both signals reflect different neuronal pathways, a combination of parameters from both signals may provide broader information about the brain status during anesthesia. Appropriate parameter selection and combination to a single index is crucial to take advantage of this potential. The field of machine learning offers algorithms for both parameter selection and combination. In this study, several established machine learning approaches including a method for the selection of suitable signal parameters and classification algorithms are a…
The oceanic state: a conceptual elucidation in terms of modal contact
2012
Despite its lengthy history in psychoanalysis, the psychological origins, essential features and value of the oceanic state remain open to dispute. This ambiguity has come at a cost to the clarity of theoretical discussions on the topic. In working towards a conceptual elucidation, the author maintains that there are three primary accounts of the oceanic state: the metaphysical one of Romain Rolland, the developmental one of Sigmund Freud, and the cognitive-perceptual one of Anton Ehrenzweig. Based on the notion of modal contact, he argues that the accounts share a general theoretical structure that establishes as the necessary criterion for all oceanic states the loosening of ego boundarie…
Going beyond a conflict of approaches in psychiatric care: the perks of interdisciplinary research
2021
International audience; Our research studied the interactions between mental health care (MHC) professionals and users in French public psychiatry, focusing on the “tools” which professionals use in their interactions with users. We draw a typology of four main "therapeutic styles" in relation to tool use;1- Absence of identifiable tools. Interaction is personalized and improvised. 2- Use of rituals and habits. 3- Use of methods that have otherwise been written and formalized.4- Use of tools, be they written or computerized, protocols guiding the interactions, or strictly standardized tools.The psychologist involved in the research (HH) intends to show how the practice of interdisciplinary …
¿Qué hubiera sido de Edipo sin Aristóteles y sin Freud?
2017
Edipo rey, de Sófocles, no se hubiera convertido en una tragedia “modélica” si no hubiera gozado de una amplia y reconocida recepción, sobre todo, por parte dos de sus intérpretes más decisivos e influyentes: Aristóteles y Freud. En este artículo analizamos los principales argumentos que ofrece Aristóteles en la Poética: a) la forma más apropiada de reconocimiento; b) el uso del coro; c) la argumentación verosímil; d) la concentración necesaria. Freud descubre en esta tragedia una estructura antropológica del deseo inconsciente de los seres humanos. Por último, expondremos los argumentos filosóficos de Kaufmann: a) la inseguridad radical del ser humano; b) la ceguera; c) la maldición del co…