Search results for "Union"
showing 10 items of 2069 documents
Wage-setting coordination in a small open economy
2022
This paper studies wage-setting coordination in a two-sector, open economy dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model. Two large sectoral unions anticipate the effects of their wage demands on aggregate variables. In an open economy, there are externalities that the unions can take into account to increase aggregate welfare, but the strategic interaction between the sectoral unions tends to erode this gain. When wage coordination takes place through a wage norm set by either of the sectors, this minimizes the strategic interaction. However, wage norms create welfare losses as sector-specific wage adjustment is required to make an efficient adjustment to shocks. Peer reviewed
Effects of the European Monetary Union on High-Technology Exports
2021
AbstractOur study estimates the effects of the European Monetary Union (EMU) on high-technology (HT) export and assesses the potential knowledge spillovers of such trade. Irrespective of the importance of the HT trade channel, none of the previous studies in the literature focus on the effects of a common currency on HT trade. Increasing trade in the HT sector may lead to more efficient use of resources and help countries to move towards a knowledge-based economy. Moreover, it may lead to higher overall growth. After considering multilateral resistances, pair fixed effects and bias correction in the preferred (three-way bias-corrected) model, EMU membership becomes negative and statisticall…
Offshoring in the European Union: a Study of the Evolution of the Tax Burden
2017
One of the most serious effects of offshoring is tax avoidance, which harms the economies of the affected regions. In an attempt to eradicate tax avoidance, the EU seeks to establish tax harmonization across its Member States. Based on data for 2006-2014, this study analyzes the historical evolution and current trends of a convergence or divergence of the tax burden for 15 EU Member States. The effective tax rate was used to assess the tax burden. This study used a novel approach to analyze the tax burden and conducted a cluster analysis to examine changes in the effective tax rates between 2006 and 2014. The results imply that when the economy prospers, effective tax rates tend to converge…
The European Union’s Development Policy: A Balancing Act between ‘A More Comprehensive Approach’ and Creeping Securitization
2016
More than a decade after the release of the European Security Strategy (ESS) in 2003, its affirmation that development and security policy should work together is still one of its most discussed features. The vision of a more comprehensive — if not integrated — approach to security and development was underwritten by substantial changes to the EU’s external relations bureaucracy following the 2009 Lisbon Treaty. This ambition raises several important questions regarding the potential ‘securitization’ of EU development policy and foreign aid. Have security concerns had a growing influence on EU development policy and aid allocation? Do key concepts that have become prominent since the ESS wa…
Innovation Capabilities in Small Catching-Up Economies: Evidence from Food Production and Tourism Sector SMEs
2011
This chapter presents the results of the study of the innovation capabilities of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Estonia, Latvia and two catching-up regions in Poland and Germany. We distinguished between various capabilities, such as a company’s basic assets (e.g., human, technological, and financial resources) and competencies (e.g., available knowledge and skills, and the ability of the company to use its basic assets and develop an innovation-facilitating culture), and aimed to identify their relationship with the company’s past and planned innovations and performance, and to compare results across countries. We interviewed 245 top managers from SMEs involved in tourism (m…
Constructions of EU Europe and National EU Concepts – A Research Agenda
2012
In the last years, European identity has become a key issue for theory development as well as for quantitative and qualitative research in the social sciences (see the contributions of Westle and Datler et al. in this volume). Analysing European identity touches upon three related areas: 1) people identifying with Europe/the European Union (EU) and attributing meaning to it (individual/micro-level), 2) the aggregate effects of these individual orientations (macrolevel), and 3) the shared meanings people associate with Europe/the EU and identify with (macro-level).
Foro de educación
2016
Resumen basado en el de la publicación Monográfico con el título, Enseñanza superior en Europa : objetivos contemporáneos para instituciones históricas Se describe el desarrollo de las universidades en Letonia desde la década de 1950 hasta la actualidad. Lo más alto del sistema educativo experimentó cambios junto con las transformaciones políticas del país. Letonia paso a ser parte de la Unión Soviética en 1940 y recuperó su independencia en 1991, pasando a unirse a la UE en 2004. Desde 2012 Letonia es una participante incipiente del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior. Se describen las transformaciones de las universidades en Letonia desde la perspectiva de una teoría del aprendizaje cul…
Taistelu turvallisuuden tulkinnasta : turvallisuuspolitiikan diskursiivisuus ja turvallistaminen Suomen eduskunnassa 1995 ja 2004
2007
Tutkielma tarkastelee Suomen turvallisuuspoliittisen keskustelun turvallisuusdiskursseja ja erilaisten tulkintarepertuaarien käyttöä turvallisuuskysymysten tulkinnassa. Tutkimuksen tehtävänä on selvittää, millä tavalla turvallisuuspolitiikan alueellistuminen ja globalisoituminen ilmenee turvallisuuspoliittisessa keskustelussa ja erityisesti tarkastella kylmän sodan aikana muodostuneen valtion sotilaallisen turvallisuuden korostamisen suhdetta näihin kehityskulkuihin. Tutkielmassa turvallisuuspoliittista keskustelua lähestytään turvallisuuden luonteesta poliittisena käsitteenä ja keskustelu jäsennetään erilaisten valtiojärjestelmän kansainvälisten suhteiden teorioiden kautta valtioiden välis…
The Euro's Effect on Trade Balance Dynamics
2015
During the pre-EMU period changes in real effective exchange rate or faster-than-trading-partners growth rates Granger caused changes in trade balance in most of the EMU-12 countries. However, our data driven article provides evidence that after the adoption of euro, these Granger causalities disappeared. We decompose trade balances into intra balances (trade balance vis-a-vis the euro area) and extra balances (trade balance vis-a-vis the rest of the world), and find that the disappearance of dynamic feedback effect typically occurred in the intra balances rather than in the extra balances. Our results imply that debtor countries cannot reduce their trade deficits in the short-run by enhanc…
Eiropas Savienības imigrācijas politikas ietekme uz dalībvalstu imigrācijas politikām: "postkomunistisko" un "ES dibinātājvalstu" bloku salīdzinājums
2019
Darba tēma ir “Eiropas Savienības imigrācijas politikas ietekme uz dalībvalstu imigrācijas politikām: "postkomunistisko" un "ES dibinātājvalstu" bloku salīdzinājums”. Imigrācija ir viens no 21.gadsimta izaicinājumiem gan pasaulē, gan arī ES globalizācijas, un tehnoloģiju attīstības dēļ. Balstoties uz tēmas aktualitāti, darbā izvirzīts izpētes jautājums – “Kā atšķiras ES īstenotās imigrācijas politikas ietekme uz dalībvalstu imigrācijas politikām “postkomunistisko valstu” blokā un “ES dibinātājvalstu” blokā?” Pētnieciskā darba teorētiskajā daļā tiek aplūkots politikas pārneses koncepts, elementi un tā analīzes metodes, savukārt empīriskajā daļā tiek veikta bloku analīze, izmantojot Dolovitza…