Search results for "Unity"
showing 10 items of 3852 documents
Road project opportunity costs subject to a regional constraint on greenhouse gas emissions
2012
Abstract France has constrained the Aquitaine region to set up a climate plan to avoid an emission of 2883 ktCO 2 eq for the period 2007–2013. In parallel, the region has decided to carry out the construction of road infrastructures in order to avoid very high congestion costs. Those road projects will involve an increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during that period. In the present context of strong sustainability, all emissions (direct and indirect) generated by those projects should be offset. At the regional level, the offsetting of GHG emissions is usually carried out by implementing carbon sequestration projects or projects that reduce energy demand. This paper aims at determin…
Climate change and cyclic predator-prey population dynamics in the high Arctic.
2009
The high Arctic has the world's simplest terrestrial vertebrate predator–prey community, with the collared lemming being the single main prey of four predators, the snowy owl, the Arctic fox, the long-tailed skua, and the stoat. Using a 20-year-long time series of population densities for the five species and a dynamic model that has been previously parameterized for northeast Greenland, we analyzed the population and community level consequences of the ongoing and predicted climate change. Species' responses to climate change are complex, because in addition to the direct effects of climate change, which vary depending on species' life histories, species are also affected indirectly due to…
Predictors of Job Satisfaction among Staff in Residential Settings for Persons with Intellectual Disabilities: A Comparison between Three Residential…
2010
Background This cross-sectional study aims to assess whether there are differences in staff job satisfaction, including organizational and individual characteristics, between three residential models for adults with intellectual disabilities (small residential home, group home and institution) and to investigate the organizational and individual variables associated with staff job satisfaction. Methods A standardized self-administered questionnaire (Job Satisfaction Survey) was distributed together with demographic questions between April 2007 and June 2007. In total, 1301 staff members completed the questionnaire. Results We found that staff working at small homes had a significantly hi…
The many roads to inflammatory bowel diseases.
2006
Two independent studies by Rakoff-Nahoum et al. (2006) and Uhlig et al. (2006) in this issue of Immunity have illuminated a unique pathogenic role of innate immunity via Toll-like receptor and interleukin-23 signaling, respectively, in intestinal inflammation. These data define new roads to gut inflammation and future avenues for therapy.
Can We Really (All) Work Longer?<br>Trends in Healthy Life Expectancy According to Social Stratum in Germany<br>
2013
Against the background of raising the retirement age to 67 years and the associated lengthening of working lifetimes in higher age groups, this article examines the question of the extent to which this political objective is covered by the health assets of the population. Here, we will first trace trends in “healthy” life expectancy among the total population for different points in time 1989, 1999 and 2009 on the basis of the data from the Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP) and analyse these against the background of social strata indicators such as income and educational levels. Among others, one significant result is the fact that social differences have a far greater effect on healthy li…
Safety and Immunogenicity of a Vero Cell Culture-Derived Whole-Virus Influenza A(H5N1) Vaccine in a Pediatric Population
2013
BACKGROUND: Children are highly vulnerable to infection with novel influenza viruses. It is essential to develop candidate pandemic influenza vaccines that are safe and effective in the pediatric population. METHODS: Infants and children aged 6-35 months and 3-8 years, respectively, were randomized to receive 2 immunizations with a 7.5-µg or 3.75-µg hemagglutinin (HA) dose of a nonadjuvanted whole-virus A/Vietnam(H5N1) vaccine; adolescents aged 9-17 years received a 7.5-µg dose only. A subset of participants received a booster immunization with an A/Indonesia(H5N1) vaccine approximately 1 year later. HA and neuraminidase antibody responses were assessed. RESULTS: Vaccination was safe and we…
Organ-specificity and diagnostic value of cell-mediated immunity against a liver-specific membrane protein: Studies in hepatic and non-hepatic diseas…
1975
In chronic active hepatitis (CAH, n=58) 70% of the HBsAg negative and 48% of the HBsAg positive cases showed a CMI against human liver specific proteins (HLPI). Using HBsAg as antigen only 12% of the HBsAg negative and 24% of the HBsAg positive cases gave a CMI response. On the basis of HBsAg and autoantibodies in the serum CAH patients could be divided into 4 subgroups. A close correlation between CMI against HLPI, sex, ANA and HL-A-8 could be detected. In a follow-up study of patients with acute virus B hepatitis (n=62) CMI against HBsAg was detected in 60% of the cases in the acute phase of the disease but in 15% only 3-6 months after the onset of the illness (n=40). In patients who deve…
Interpreting in the Community and Workplace. A Practical Teaching Guide
2011
A handbook for trainers of community, public service and business interpreting with a wide range of classroom exercises and annotated dialogues Literature on the assessment of interpreters has grown rapidly in the emerging field of Community- and Public Service Interpreting, but there is still very little practical training material available. Numerous studies have demonstrated the importance of using trained rather than ad-hoc interpreters. This educational tool for trainers in all fields of dialogue interpreting hopes to fill precisely that gap. Although the focus is on two key areas, the legal and health sectors, the book also includes business interpreting, which is a source of employme…
HLA-G and MIC expression in tumors and their role in anti-tumor immunity.
2003
Non-classical MHC class Ib molecules have attracted growing interest in recent years, especially because they interact with non-T-cell inhibitory or triggering receptors expressed on natural killer (NK) and T cells, suggesting that they have a role in immune recognition. Abnormalities in MHC class Ib expression are frequently found in human tumors of various histologies and might be associated with poor clinical outcome despite the local accumulation of immune competent cells. Available data suggest that the balance between activating and suppressing signals significantly influences the efficacy of the immune response and consequently of tumor progression.
Maternal antibodies in a wild altricial bird: effects on offspring immunity, growth and survival
2006
1. In many animals immunity is not fully developed until adulthood but the young still need protection against various sets of pathogens. Thus, bird nestlings are highly dependent on antibodies received from their mother (in the eggs) during their rapid early growth period. The relationship between maternal immunity and the development of neonates' own immunity has been poorly studied. 2. It has been suggested that immune function plays an important part in mediating resource competition between different life-history traits, e.g. growth and reproduction. Maternal investment of antibodies has potentially permanent effects on offspring phenotype. Thus, the trade-offs between the immune funct…