Search results for "Unsaturated"
showing 10 items of 439 documents
Intestinal conversion of linoleic acid to arachidonic acid in the rat
1993
Abstract The arachidonic acid (C20:4, n-6) appearing in intestinal lymph during linoleic acid (C18:2, n-6) absorption may originate from enterocyte synthesis or from the liver either after secretion in biliary phospholipids at the same time dietary linoleic acid absorption occurs or via plasma. The radioactivity measured in the total bile collected during the 6 hours of linoleic acid absorption is too small to explain hepatic origin of the C20:4 detected by high performance liquid chromatography analysis of labeled fatty acids recovered in the lymph, in the intestinal mucosa, and the intestinal wall at the peak of linoleic acid intestinal absorption. This study confirms the probability that…
Differential diurnal variations of anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol levels in rat brain.
2004
The endogenous ligands of cannabinoid receptors, also known as endocannabinoids, have been implicated in many physiological and pathological processes of the central nervous system. Here we show that the levels of the two major endocannabinoids, anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG), in four areas of the rat brain, change dramatically between the light and dark phases of the day. While anandamide levels in the nucleus accumbens, pre-frontal cortex, striatum and hippocampus were significantly higher in the dark phase, the opposite was observed with 2-AG, whose levels were significantly higher during the light phase in all four regions. We found that the activity of the fatty acid ami…
In Vitro Bioactivity of Astaxanthin and Peptides from Hydrolisates of Shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris) By-Products: From the Extraction Process to B…
2021
Non-edible parts of crustaceans could be a rich source of valuable bioactive compounds such as the carotenoid astaxanthin and peptides, which have well-recognized beneficial effects. These compounds are widely used in nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals, and their market is rapidly growing, suggesting the need to find alternative sources. The aim of this work was to set up a pilot-scale protocol for the reutilization of by-products of processed shrimp, in order to address the utilization of this valuable biomass for nutraceutical and pharmaceuticals application, through the extraction of astaxanthin-enriched oil and antioxidant-rich protein hydrolysates. Astaxanthin (AST) was obtained using …
Nutritional Status in Aging and Lung Disease
2016
Abstract Lung diseases exert a negative impact on nutritional status, especially among older patients where aging per se is already associated with relevant changes in nutrient intake, metabolism, and body composition. Both respiratory (increased respiratory work, hypoxia, and local oxidative stress and inflammation) and nonrespiratory (sarcopenia, reduced mitochondrial biogenesis and anabolic hormones, balance of orexigenic/anorexigenic neuropeptides, and systemic inflammation and oxidative stress) contribute to the association between lung diseases and malnutrition. For these reasons, nutritional assessments are of paramount importance in older patients with lung diseases. Current evidenc…
Regulation of Farnesyl Diphosphate Synthase Gene Expression by Fatty Acids
2003
Cholesterol biosynthesis depends on the activity of regulatory enzymes, including the peroxisomal Farnesyl Diphosphate Synthase (FPPS ). Cholesterol regulates its own synthesis rate. Hence, as a response to cholesterol depletion, a feed back mechanism is activated, whereby sterol regulatory binding proteins (SREBPla, 1c and 2 ) are subjected to sequential proteolytic activation, which permits their interaction with specific DNA response elements from responsive genes. In turn, the transcriptional activity of cholesterol biosynthesis genes is induced. Conversely, cholesterol accumulation decreases SREBP maturation and transcription of controlled genes. In addition, polyunsaturated fatty acid…
Moderate intake of n-3 fatty acids is associated with stable erythrocyte resistance to oxidative stress in hypertriglyceridemic subjects.
2001
Background The important triacylglycerol-lowering capacity of n-3 fatty acids is counterbalanced by their inherent sensitivity to oxidation. Inconsistent results about the latter have been reported in hypertriglyceridemic individuals. After incorporation into cell membranes, n-3 fatty acids may alter membrane-related functions. In view of the distinct composition of hypertriglyceridemic membranes and the prooxidant status in this condition, it can be surmised that cell enrichment with the oxidizable n-3 fatty acids will be associated with an increased hemolytic process. Objective We sought to evaluate the effect of fish oil consumption on n-3 fatty acid incorporation into erythrocyte membra…
Nutrient intake of endurance runners with ovo-lacto-vegetarian diet and regular western diet
1994
During an endurance run (1,000 km in 20 days) it was investigated whether an ovo-lacto-vegetarian diet (OLVD) could cover the nutritional requirements of endurance athletes. A regular western diet (RWD) was used as reference. Both diets were offered with an energy content of 4,500 kcal per day and an energy percentage of carbohydrate:fat:protein of 60:30:10. The runners were divided into two dietary groups according to their usual dietary habits. The results of the 55 participants who completed the race show that runners from both groups had the same intake of energy, carbohydrate, fat and protein. Runners of the OLVD group consumed more dietary fiber and polyunsaturated fatty acids as well…
Increased erythrocytes n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids is significantly associated with a lower prevalence of steatosis in patients with type…
2011
Summary Background & aims Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is commonly associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Although dietary fat contributes substantially to the accumulation of liver fat, the role of individual fatty acids in this accumulation is unclear. Objective In this study, we set out to determine whether liver fat content (LFC), was associated with red blood cell fatty acid (RBC-FA) composition in people with type 2 diabetes. Design, settings, and participants One hundred and sixty-two type 2 diabetic patients were included in this study. LFC was measured using 1H-MR Spectroscopy. RBC-FA composition was measured by gas chromatography. Results One…
No consequence of dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid deficiency on the severity of scopolamine-induced dry eye
2008
International audience; Purpose:Epidemiological studies suggest that dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may protect against prevalence of dry eye. This work aimed to evaluate whether a dietary deficiency in omega-3 PUFAs may increase the severity of dry eye in a scopolamine-induced rat model. Methods:Three consecutive generations of Lewis rats were bred under diets deprived of omega-3 PUFAs. Dry eye was experimentally induced by continuous scopolamine delivery in female animals from the third deficient generation and in female Lewis rats fed for three generations with a balanced diet. After 14 days of treatment, the clinical signs of ocular dryness were evaluated in vivo us…
Fatty Acid Composition in the Lipids of some Marine Chiorococcales and Eustigmatales
1989
Abstract The fatty acid composition in the lipids of six coccoid microalgae species (≈ 2 μm in diameter) was investigated. In addition to analyses of ultrastructure and pigment content, lipid composition is shown to be a chemotaxonomic tool in the classification of algae. The four species of Chiorococcales (Chlorophyceae) - the marine species as well as the fresh water species, both kept in artificial seawater - contain a fatty acid composition resembling that of Chlorella spp. and of green leaves of higher plants. The fatty acid pattern is characterized as lacking in C20 acids but containing large amounts of C 16 and C 18 polyunsaturated fatty acids, hexadecatrienic acid (16 :3) and a-lino…